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A Cepheid variable is a type of star that regularly grows brighter and dimmer in a predictable pattern over time. These stars are important to astronomers because the relationship between how bright they actually are and how quickly they change brightness helps scientists measure distances to distant galaxies.
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RS Puppis, one of the brightest known Cepheid variable stars in the Milky Way galaxy(Hubble Space Telescope)
A Cepheid variable (/ˈsɛfi.ɪd, ˈsiːfi-/) is a type of variable star that pulsates radially, varying in both diameter and temperature. It changes in brightness, with a well-defined stable period (typically 1–100 days) and amplitude. Cepheids are important cosmic benchmarks for scaling galactic and extragalactic distances; a strong direct relationship exists between a Cepheid variable's luminosity and its pulsation period.