Dinoflagellata
Sign in to saveThe dinoflagellates (), also called dinophytes, are a monophyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes constituting the phylum Dinoflagellata and are usually considered protists. Dinoflagellates are mostly marine plankton, but they are also common in freshwater habitats. Their populations vary with sea surface temperature, salinity, and depth. Many dinoflagellates are photosynthetic, but a large fraction of these are in fact mixotrophic, combining photosynthesis with ingestion of prey (phagotrophy and myzocytosis).
AI overview
Dinoflagellates are single-celled organisms that live primarily in ocean water as plankton, though some also inhabit freshwater environments, and many can produce their own food through photosynthesis. They matter because they are a significant part of aquatic ecosystems, and their abundance changes based on environmental conditions like temperature, salinity, and water depth.
AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.
Species
dinoflagellates
Infraphylum
- PhylumMyzozoa
Habitatmarine, brackish, freshwater
纲 纵裂甲藻纲（Desmophyceae） 原甲藻目（Prorocentrales） 横裂甲藻纲（Dinophyceae） 多甲藻目（Peridi-niales） 变形甲藻目（Dinamoebidiales） 胶甲藻目（Gloeodiniales） 球甲藻目（Dinococcales） 丝甲藻目（Dinotrichales） 夜光藻纲（Noctiluciphyceae） 共甲藻纲（Syndiniophyceae） 双鞭毛虫门（Dinoflagellata）过去算作藻类植物的一门。目前被分类为囊泡藻界的一个门。约1000种。分布于池塘、湖泊和海洋中。 也有称作“甲藻门”的。但是，根据《中国生物物种名录》2011版[1]，在双鞭毛虫门之下设有甲藻纲。Dinoflagellata是旋(希腊语的 δῖνος dinos)+鞭毛虫(flagellate)之意。 由于该门的种类有一半为自營，另一半为异營。也有很多物种是混合营养。[2]所以长期以来植物学家与动物学家把该门划入自己的研究领域，分别称为“甲藻”与“双鞭毛虫”。植物学家把它们视作一大类的藻类，命名为Pyrrophyta或Pyrrhophyta，意为"fire algae"，其中pyrr(h)os是希腊语的“火”之意。 双鞭毛虫(甲藻)具有很高的形态多样性，一般为单细胞、双鞭毛。其染色体未结合组蛋白，首尾相接成环状，具有原核细胞的特征，被称为介核生物（mesokaryto）。由于具有从无囊泡变化为有囊泡的形态，再现其进化历史非常困难。 甲藻作为主要的初级生产者，在水生生物链中非常重要角色。 虫黄藻（zooxanthella）内共生于海洋无脊椎动物，在珊瑚礁生物学中非常重要。其它的双鞭毛虫是无色的原生生物的掠食者，还有一些是寄生生活(例如丝绒病（Oodinium），有害费氏藻（Pfiesteria））。 双鞭毛门[3] 目前已知大约有1,555个物种是海洋自由生活。[4] 另外一个估计是总共有2000个物种，其中1700个是海洋物种，其它220是淡水生活。[5] 甲藻是主要赤潮种，其中120多种能形成赤潮，60多种为有毒种类。 双鞭毛虫已经有了一些综述。[3][6][7][8] 目录 1 特征 2 历史 3 分类 4 形态 5 内共生 6 生境 7 营养策略 8 生命期循环 9 有害的藻类暴发 10 脂类与固醇的制造 11 生物发光 12 运输 13 进化历史 14 基因组 15 参考文献 16 外部链接 特征 生物個体多为单细胞，少数是球胞型或丝状体。 植物体略成球形，一般是黄绿色或黄褐色。载色体为金褐色，含有叶绿素和多种类胡萝卜素，少数种类无色，腐生或寄生。 双鞭毛虫类细胞壁主要是由纤维素组成，壁上有花纹，少数种类无细胞壁。多数种类具有纵沟或纵、横沟。因此，甲藻门分为横裂甲藻纲和纵裂甲藻纲。 主要以细胞分裂和产
via
Article
29 sectionsContents
- Etymology
- History
- Morphology
- Theca structure and formation
- The dinoflagellate nucleus: dinokaryon
- Classification
- Generality
- Identification
- Ecology and physiology
- Habitats
- Endosymbionts
- Nutritional strategies
- Pigments in dinoflagellates
- Blooms
- Introduction
- Harmful algal blooms
- Bioluminescence
- Lipid and sterol production
- Transport
- Life cycle
- Introduction
- Dinoflagellate cysts
- Genomics
- Evolutionary history
- Examples
- See also
- References
- Bibliography
- External links
The dinoflagellates (), also called dinophytes, are a monophyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes constituting the phylum Dinoflagellata and are usually considered protists. Dinoflagellates are mostly marine plankton, but they are also common in freshwater habitats. Their populations vary with sea surface temperature, salinity, and depth. Many dinoflagellates are photosynthetic, but a large fraction of these are in fact mixotrophic, combining photosynthesis with ingestion of prey (phagotrophy and myzocytosis).
In terms of number of species, dinoflagellates are one of the largest groups of marine eukaryotes, although substantially smaller than diatoms. Some species are endosymbionts of marine animals and play an important part in the biology of coral reefs. Other dinoflagellates are unpigmented predators on other protozoa, and a few forms are parasitic (for example, Oodinium and Pfiesteria). Some dinoflagellates produce resting stages, called dinoflagellate cysts or dinocysts, as part of their lifecycles; this occurs in 84 of the 350 described freshwater species and a little more than 10% of the known marine species. Dinoflagellates are alveolates possessing two flagella, the ancestral condition of bikonts.