Elements
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"Elements" is a mathematical textbook written by the ancient Greek mathematician Euclid that systematically presents geometry and number theory through logical proofs and definitions. It became one of the most influential and widely used educational texts in history, shaping how mathematics was taught and understood for over two thousand years.
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The Elements (Ancient Greek: Στοιχεῖα Stoikheîa) is a mathematical treatise written c. 300 BC by the Ancient Greek mathematician Euclid.
The Elements is the oldest extant large-scale deductive treatment of mathematics. Drawing on the works of earlier mathematicians such as Hippocrates of Chios, Eudoxus of Cnidus, and Theaetetus, the Elements is a collection in 13 books of definitions, postulates, geometric constructions, and theorems with their proofs that covers plane and solid Euclidean geometry, elementary number theory, and incommensurability. These include the Pythagorean theorem, Thales' theorem, the Euclidean algorithm for greatest common divisors, Euclid's theorem that there are infinitely many prime numbers, and the construction of regular polygons and polyhedra.