French historian and leader of the Annales School
Fernand Braudel was a French historian who led the influential Annales School, an academic movement that changed how historians study the past. His approach emphasized long-term social and economic structures over individual events, which helped shape modern historical thinking by showing how vast forces—geography, trade, population—shape human societies over centuries.
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Fernand Paul Achille Braudel ( French: [fɛʁnɑ̃ bʁodɛl]; 24 August 1902 – 27 November 1985) was a French historian. His scholarship focused on three main projects: The Mediterranean (1923–49, then 1949–66), Civilization and Capitalism (1955–79), and the unfinished Identity of France (1970–85). He was a member of the Annales School of French historiography and social history in the 1950s and 1960s.
Plaque Fernand Braudel, 59 rue Brillat-Savarin, Paris 13 Braudel emphasized the role of large-scale socioeconomic factors in the making and writing of history. In a 2011 poll by History Today magazine, he was named the most important historian of the previous 60 years.
5 total works indexed
· 2006 · cited 1,515x
· 2010 · cited 1,259x
· 2019 · cited 1,168x
· 1994 · cited 1,153x
· 2009 · cited 1,024x
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