Fernando Pessoa
Sign in to savePortuguese poet, writer, and philosopher (1888–1935); creator of the heteronymic system including Alberto Caeiro, Ricardo Reis, Álvaro de Campos, and Bernardo Soares
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Fernando Pessoa was a Portuguese poet, writer, and philosopher who lived from 1888 to 1935 and created one of literature's most innovative literary projects by writing under multiple distinct personas, known as heteronyms, each with their own unique voice and perspective. His heteronymic system—featuring characters like Alberto Caeiro, Ricardo Reis, Álvaro de Campos, and Bernardo Soares—fundamentally challenged conventional notions of authorship and artistic identity, making him a crucial figure in modernist literature.
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Fernando António Nogueira de Seabra Pessoa, known mainly as Fernando Pessoa (Portuguese pronunciation: [fɨɾˈnɐ̃du pɨˈsoɐ]; b. June 13, 1888 in Lisbon, Portugal — d. November 30, 1935 in the same city at the Hospital of São Luís), was a Portuguese poet, writer, literary critic and translator, one of the most significant literary figures of the 20th century and one of the greatest poets of all time. The critic Harold Bloom has referred to him in the book The Western Canon as the most representativ
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Fernando António Nogueira de Seabra Pessoa (/pɛˈsoʊə/; Portuguese: [fɨɾˈnɐ̃du pɨˈsoɐ]; 13 June 1888–30 November 1935) was a Portuguese poet, writer, literary critic, translator, and publisher. He has been described as one of the most significant literary figures of the 20th century and one of the greatest poets in the Portuguese literature. He also wrote in and translated from English and French.
Pessoa was a prolific writer both in his own name and approximately seventy-five other names, of which three stand out: Alberto Caeiro, Álvaro de Campos, and Ricardo Reis. He did not define these as pseudonyms because he felt that this did not capture their true independent intellectual life and instead called them heteronyms, a term he invented. These imaginary figures sometimes held unpopular or extreme views.