Gertrude B. Elion
Also known as Gertrude Belle Elion, Gertrude Elion
American biochemist and pharmacologist (1918–1999)
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Gertrude B. Elion was an American biochemist and pharmacologist who lived from 1918 to 1999 and made important contributions to drug development. Her work matters because she advanced our understanding of how medicines work at the cellular level, helping to create treatments for serious diseases.
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Gertrude "Trudy" Belle Elion (January 23, 1918 – February 21, 1999) was an American biochemist and pharmacologist, who shared the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with George H. Hitchings and Sir James Black for their use of innovative methods of rational drug design for the development of new drugs. This new method focused on understanding the target of the drug rather than simply using trial-and-error. Her work led to the creation of the anti-retroviral drug AZT, which was the first drug widely used against AIDS. Her well known works also include the development of the first immunosuppressive drug, azathioprine, used to fight rejection in organ transplants, and the first successful antiviral drug, acyclovir (ACV), used in the treatment of herpes infection.
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1918 births1999 deaths20th-century American biochemists20th-century American chemists20th-century American inventors20th-century American Jews20th-century American women biochemists20th-century American women inventors20th-century American women scientistsAmerican fellows of the Royal SocietyAmerican Nobel laureatesAmerican people of Lithuanian-Jewish descent