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Gilbert syndrome

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Also known as Constitutional hyperbilirubinemia, Gilbert's disease, Gilbert-Meulengracht syndrome, hereditary nonhemolytic jaundice, Gilbert's syndrome, Gilbert Disease, Hyperbilirubinemia 1, Hyperbilirubinemia, Arias Type

metabolic disorder in which the liver processes bilirubin slowly

Key facts

Other names
Gilbert syndrome, Meulengracht syndrome, Gilbert-Lereboullet syndrome, hyperbilirubinemia Arias type, hyperbilirubinemia type 1, familial cholemia, familial nonhemolytic jaundice
Pronunciation
/ ʒ iː l ˈ b ɛər z / zheel- BAIRZ
Specialty
Gastroenterology
Symptoms
Usually none, still, abdominal pain, nausea, tired and weak feeling, slight jaundice may present
Complications
Usually none
Causes
Genetic
Differential diagnosis
Crigler–Najjar syndrome , Rotor syndrome , Dubin–Johnson syndrome
Treatment
None typically needed
Frequency
~5%

via Wikipedia infobox

Research

9,147 papers

via PubMed

~16 min read

Encyclopedic overview

Gilbert's syndrome (GS) is a syndrome in which the liver of affected individuals processes bilirubin more slowly than the majority, resulting in higher levels in the blood. Many people never have symptoms. Occasionally jaundice (a yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes) may occur.

Gilbert syndrome is due to a genetic variant in the UGT1A1 gene, which results in decreased activity of the bilirubin uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase enzyme. It is typically inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern and occasionally in an autosomal dominant pattern depending on the type of variant. Episodes of jaundice may be triggered by stress such as exercise, menstruation, or not eating. Diagnosis is based on elevated levels of unconjugated bilirubin in the blood without signs of liver problems or red blood cell breakdown.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “Gilbert syndrome” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.