
Also known as goldenseal
Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis), also called orangeroot or yellow puccoon, is a perennial herb in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, native to North America. It may be distinguished by its thick, yellow knotted rootstock. The stem is purplish and hairy above ground and yellow below ground where it connects to the yellow rhizome. Goldenseal reproduces both clonally through the rhizome and sexually, with clonal division more frequent than asexual reproduction. It takes between 4 and 5 years for a plant to reach sexual maturity, i.e. the point at which it produces flowers. Plants in the first
SPECIES
二名法 Hydrastis canadensisL. 金印草(学名:Hydrastis canadensis),又名白毛茛或北美黃蓮,是多年生的毛茛科植物,原產於加拿大東南部及美國東北部。它們的根莖粗壯及呈黃色。在地上的莖略帶紫色及有毛,地底下的呈黃色,連接著根莖。金印草的葉子呈手掌狀及有毛,葉子上有5-7塊雙鋸齒的小葉,並會在春末長出單支細小的花朵。在夏天會長出單一個草莓,外觀像山莓,有10-30顆種子。[2] 金印草有多種醫藥療效,包括可以作為抗菌藥、內服幫助消化、或是用來漱口清除口腔潰瘍。 日本的白根葵以往被分類在金印草屬中,現已改為分類在白根葵屬。 植株 花 果 乾燥地下莖 目录 1 傳統用途 2 原理 3 成份及藥理 4 毒性 5 注意事項 6 興奮劑檢查 7 保育狀況 8 參考 9 外部連結 傳統用途 早至歐洲殖民美洲時,一些原住民就已經大量使用金印草,仍為醫藥或染料。班哲明·史密斯·巴頓(Benjamin Smith Barton)就指切羅基人以金印草來醫治癌症。他後來進一步指出金印草可以作為苦味補藥,或是洗滌眼炎之用。於1830年代康斯坦丁·薩繆爾·拉方斯克-舒馬茨(Constantine Raffinesque)的時期,金印草成為了折衷醫學的寵兒。 金印草在折衷醫學上大量用作治療乳癌及腫脹。有建議使用金印草來治療乳房的硬腫脹,而細小及無痛的疙瘩則以毒人參屬來處理。這兩種藥草單獨或是與浮游植物及紅車軸草來治療癌症。 另外金印草可以用來治療胃部的功能性障礙、卡他性胃炎、張力缺乏性消化不良、慢性便秘、肝淤血、肝硬化、延後的熱症、慢性大腦充血、子宮復舊不全、產後出血、鼻黏膜炎、潰瘍、口腔潰瘍、黏液表面不正常情況、白帶、膽石、乳房腫脹及甲狀腺腫。[3] 現時金印草會用作為變質劑、抗卡他性、抗炎性、抗菌劑、收濕藥料、苦味補藥、輕瀉藥及肌肉興奮劑。金印草非常苦,會刺激食慾及幫助消化,並會刺激膽汁的分泌。[4][5][6] 原理 很多人都認為金印草有直接的抗菌性,但其原理卻更為複雜。研究發現在使用金印草後,小腸內的病原體水平並沒有下降,但病徵卻得到改善。[7][8]另一項研究發現大腸桿菌的帶菌者,在服用黃連素後體內的病原體或細菌水平並沒有下降,但有42-48%的腹瀉病徵得到改善。[9]金印草其實是黏液膜的補藥,可以增加黏液膜的分泌。相反,它亦具有收濕功效,可以降低黏液膜的分泌。故此,在黏液膜分泌不足時可以幫助補充,而在黏液膜分泌過多時停止分泌。它們的抗菌性並非直接殺死病菌,而是增加體內含有免疫球蛋白A的健康黏液。 成份及藥理 金印草含有多種異喹啉生物鹼,包括金印草素、黃連素、5-羥基小檗鹼、白毛茛分鹼及坎那定等。[10]黃連素及金印草素都是季鹼,不溶於水但卻溶於酒精。 大部份細菌及真菌,並一些原生生物及衣原體都會受靜脈內黃連素的影響。[6]黃連素單獨使用只
Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis), also called orangeroot or yellow puccoon, is a perennial herb in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, native to North America. It may be distinguished by its thick, yellow knotted rootstock. The stem is purplish and hairy above ground and yellow below ground where it connects to the yellow rhizome. Goldenseal reproduces both clonally through the rhizome and sexually, with clonal division more frequent than asexual reproduction. It takes between 4 and 5 years for a plant to reach sexual maturity, i.e. the point at which it produces flowers. Plants in the first stage, when the seed erupts and cotyledons emerge, can remain in this state one or more years. The second vegetative stage occurs during years two and three (and sometimes longer) and is characterized by the development of a single leaf and absence of a well developed stem. Finally, the third stage is reproductive, at which point flowering and fruiting occurs. This last stage takes between 4 and 5 years to develop.
A second species from Japan, previously listed as Hydrastis palmatum, is now usually classified in another genus, as Glaucidium palmatum.
via GBIF · IUCN · Kew POWO
via Wikidata · CC0
via Wikidata sitelinks · CC0
Discovered by embedding cosine similarity (sentence-transformers MiniLM, 384-dim).