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hyponatremia
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Hyponatremia is a medical condition classified under the ICD-10 code for "Hypo-osmolality and hyponatremia." The term is associated with the Commons category "Hyponatraemia." It is referenced by 399 other encyclopedia articles.
The subject has a substantial presence in medical literature and research databases. A search for hyponatremia yields 19,242 results in PubMed and 183 entries in ClinicalTrials.gov. The condition is also identified by the NCI Thesaurus ID C37976.
Synthesized by Vinony from 9 facts across 5 sources: Wikidata, PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Medline, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.
Key facts
- Medical condition (new).name
- Hyponatremia
- Medical condition (new).synonyms
- Hyponatraemia, low blood sodium, hyponatræmia
- Medical condition (new).image
- Na-TableImage.svg
- Medical condition (new).caption
- Sodium, as shown on the periodic table
- Medical condition (new).field
- Nephrology
- Medical condition (new).symptoms
- Decreased ability to think, headaches, nausea, poor balance, confusion, seizures, coma
- Medical condition (new).types
- Low volume, normal volume, high volume
- Medical condition (new).diagnosis
- Serum sodium < 135 mmol/L
- Medical condition (new).differential
- Ethanol intoxication or withdrawal, high protein levels, high blood fat levels, high blood sugar
- Medical condition (new).treatment
- Based on underlying cause
- Medical condition (new).frequency
- Relatively common
via Wikipedia infobox
Health references
- ICD-10
- E87.1 — Hypo-osmolality and hyponatremia
- MedlinePlus
- Consumer health page →
Research
19,242 papers- Hyponatraemia-treatment standard 2024.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2024
- Hyponatremia and antidiuresis syndrome.Annales d'endocrinologie · 2011
- [Hyponatremia: classification and differential diagnosis].Endocrinologia y nutricion : organo de la Sociedad Espanola de Endocrinologia y Nutricion · 2010
- Clinical practice guideline on diagnosis and treatment of hyponatraemia.European journal of endocrinology · 2014
- Treatment of hyponatremia.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2008
via PubMed
Clinical Trials
183 registered- PHASE4RECRUITINGEffects of the SGLT2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin in Patients With Euvolemic and Hypervolemic HyponatremiaUniversity Hospital, Basel, Switzerland · NCT04447911
- RECRUITINGEvaluation of Volume and Electrolyte Balance in Hyponatremia Treatment - a Prospective Observational TrialUniversity of Cologne · NCT05692726
- PHASE3COMPLETEDStudy of IV YM087 to Assess Efficacy and Safety in Patients With Euvolemic or Hypervolemic HyponatremiaCumberland Pharmaceuticals · NCT00380575
- PHASE4COMPLETEDIntroduction of Hypo-osmolar ORS for Routine UseInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh · NCT00244777
- NAUNKNOWNThe Effect of Fluid Restriction in Congestive Heart Failure Complicated With HyponatremiaFinn Gustafsson · NCT01748331
- PHASE2COMPLETEDEfficacy Study of VA106483 in Males With Nocturia.Vantia Ltd · NCT01038843
~19 min read
Encyclopedic overview
23 sectionsContents
- Signs and symptoms
- Causes
- High volume
- Normal volume
- Low volume
- Medication
- Other causes
- Pathophysiology
- Normal homeostasis
- Hyponatremia
- Diagnosis
- False hyponatremia
- True hyponatremia
- Acute versus chronic
- Treatment
- Fluids
- Electrolyte abnormalities
- Medications
- Precautions
- Epidemiology
- References
- Further reading
- External links
Hyponatremia or hyponatraemia is a low concentration of sodium in the blood. It is generally defined as a sodium concentration of less than 135 mmol/L (135 mEq/L), with severe hyponatremia being below 120 mEq/L. Symptoms can be absent, mild or severe. Mild symptoms include a decreased ability to think, headaches, nausea, and poor balance. Severe symptoms include confusion, seizures, and coma; death can ensue.
The causes of hyponatremia are typically classified by a person's body fluid status into low volume, normal volume, or high volume. Low volume hyponatremia can occur from diarrhea, vomiting, diuretics, and sweating. Normal volume hyponatremia is divided into cases with dilute urine and concentrated urine. Cases in which the urine is dilute include adrenal insufficiency, hypothyroidism, and drinking too much water or too much beer. Cases in which the urine is concentrated include syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). High volume hyponatremia can occur from heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. Conditions that can lead to falsely low sodium measurements include high blood protein levels such as in multiple myeloma, high blood fat levels, and high blood sugar.
Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “hyponatremia” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.