thumb|250px|Kosala karshapanas. Circa 525–465 BCEE. Average diameter 25mm, average weight 2.70 gm. Each piece with a variety of separate punch-marks applied to both sides. thumb|250px|A silver coin of 1 karshapana of King Pushyamitra Sunga (185–149 BCE) of the [[Sunga dynasty (185–73 BCE), workshop of Vidisa (?). Obv: 5 symbols including a sun Rev: 2 symbols Dimensions: 19.7 x 13.87 mm Weight: 3.5 g.]] thumb|250px|A silver coin of 1 karshapana of the Maurya empire, period of Bindusara (c. 297–272 BCE), workshop of Pataliputra. Obv: Symbols with a Sun Rev: Symbol Dimensions: 14 x 11 mm Weight:
thumb|250px|Kosala karshapanas. Circa 525–465 BCEE. Average diameter 25mm, average weight 2.70 gm. Each piece with a variety of separate punch-marks applied to both sides. thumb|250px|A silver coin of 1 karshapana of King Pushyamitra Sunga (185–149 BCE) of the [[Sunga dynasty (185–73 BCE), workshop of Vidisa (?). Obv: 5 symbols including a sun Rev: 2 symbols Dimensions: 19.7 x 13.87 mm Weight: 3.5 g.]] thumb|250px|A silver coin of 1 karshapana of the Maurya empire, period of Bindusara (c. 297–272 BCE), workshop of Pataliputra. Obv: Symbols with a Sun Rev: Symbol Dimensions: 14 x 11 mm Weight: 3.4 g. Karshapana (, IAST: Kārṣāpaṇa), according to the Ashtadhyayi of Panini, refers to ancient Indian coins current during the 6th century BCE onwards, which were unstamped and stamped (āhata) metallic pieces whose validity depended on the integrity of the person authenticating them. It is commonly supposed by scholars that they were first issued by merchants and bankers rather than the state. They contributed to the development of trade since they obviated the need for weighing of metal during exchange. Kārṣāpaṇas were basically silver pieces stamped with one to five or six rūpas ('symbols') originally only on the obverse side of the coins initially issued by the Janapadas and Mahajanapadas, and generally carried minute mark or marks to testify their legitimacy. Silver punch-marked coins ceased to be minted sometime in the second century BCE but exerted a wide influence for next five centuries.
==Etymology== The punch-marked coins were called "Kārṣāpaṇa" because they weighed one kārsha each.
Discovered by embedding cosine similarity (sentence-transformers MiniLM, 384-dim).