leukemia

Also known as leukaemia, Leukemia NOS, Leukemia, NOS, Leukemias, Leukemia, Disease, Leukemias, General, LEUKEMIA, MALIGNANT

Leukemia (also spelled leukaemia; pronounced ) is a group of blood cancers that usually begin in the bone marrow and produce high numbers of abnormal blood cells. These blood cells are not fully developed and are called blasts or leukemia cells. Symptoms may include bleeding and bruising, bone pain, fatigue, fever, and an increased risk of infections. These symptoms occur due to a lack of normal blood cells. Diagnosis is typically made by blood tests or bone marrow biopsy.

OverviewAI-generated

Leukemia is a medical subject categorized under the Commons category "Leukemias." It is identified by several classification codes, including NCI Thesaurus ID C3161 and ICPC 2 ID B73. The condition has exact matches in the Open Biomedical Ontologies at DOID:1240. In the ICD-9-CM system, it is associated with codes 208.8, 208, 208.9, and 207.8.

Research activity regarding leukemia is documented in PubMed, which lists 401,524 entries for the query leukemia. The topic is referenced by 4,462 other encyclopedia articles. Additional digital identifiers include a WordLift URL at data.medicalrecords.com.

Synthesized by Vinony from 9 facts across 3 sources: Wikidata, PubMed, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

Key facts

Medical condition.name: Leukemia
Medical condition.synonyms: Leukaemia
Medical condition.image: ALL-AML.jpg
Medical condition.caption: A Wright's stained bone marrow aspirate smears from individuals with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (left) and acute myeloid leukemia (right). Myeloid leukemia cells are usually larger, contain prominent nucleoli, and specific, but not mandatory, cytoplasmic inclusions – Auer rods (purple needles).
Medical condition.field: Hematology and oncology
Medical condition.symptoms: Bleeding, bruising, fatigue, fever, increased risk of infections
Medical condition.onset: All ages, most common in 60s and 70s. It is the most common malignant cancer in children, but the cure rates are also higher for them.
Medical condition.causes: Inherited and environmental factors
Medical condition.risks: Smoking, family history, ionizing radiation, some chemicals such as trichloroethylene, prior chemotherapy, Down syndrome.
Medical condition.diagnosis: Blood tests, bone marrow biopsy
Medical condition.treatment: Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, bone marrow transplant, supportive care
Medical condition.prognosis: Five-year survival rate 68% (U.S.)
Medical condition.frequency: 2.3 million (2015)
Medical condition.deaths: 353,500 (2015)

via Wikipedia infobox

Research

401,524 papers

Leukemia's Next Top Model? Syngeneic Models to Advance Adoptive Cellular Therapy.ReviewFrontiers in immunology · 2022Zoine JT, Moore SE, Velasquez MPDOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.867103
Multiparameter flow cytometry in the diagnosis and management of acute leukemia.ReviewArchives of pathology & laboratory medicine · 2011Peters JM, Ansari MQDOI: 10.5858/2010-0387-RAR.1
The molecular and clinical significance of the Tie/angiopoietin system in leukemia.ReviewPathology, research and practice · 2023Vedadi S, Azimzadeh M, Touluei AE et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154285
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.ReviewCritical reviews in oncology/hematology · 2016Scarfò L, Ferreri AJ, Ghia PDOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.06.003
Type I interferons: leukemia's old foe in the limelight again.Haematologica · 2024Kumar A, Swaminathan SDOI: 10.3324/haematol.2024.285079
Adipocytes in hematopoiesis and acute leukemia: friends, enemies, or innocent bystanders?ReviewLeukemia · 2020Zinngrebe J, Debatin KM, Fischer-Posovszky PDOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0886-x
Proposals for the classification of the acute leukaemias. French-American-British (FAB) co-operative group.British journal of haematology · 1976Bennett JM, Catovsky D, Daniel MT et al.DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1976.tb03563.x
Advances in germline predisposition to acute leukaemias and myeloid neoplasms.ReviewNature reviews. Cancer · 2021Klco JM, Mullighan CGDOI: 10.1038/s41568-020-00315-z

via PubMed

~34 min read

Encyclopedic overview

33 sections

Contents

Classification
General classification
Specific types
Pre-leukemia
Signs and symptoms
Causes
Radiation
Genetic conditions
Non-ionizing radiation
Diagnosis
Treatment
Acute lymphoblastic
Chronic lymphocytic
Decision to treat
Treatment approach
Acute myelogenous
Chronic myelogenous
Hairy cell
T-cell prolymphocytic
Juvenile myelomonocytic
Prognosis
Epidemiology
United States
Australia
UK
History
Etymology
Society and culture
Research directions
Pregnancy
See also
References
External links

The exact cause of leukemia is unknown. A combination of genetic factors and environmental (non-inherited) factors are believed to play a role. Risk factors include smoking, ionizing radiation, petrochemicals (such as benzene), prior chemotherapy, and Down syndrome. People with a family history of leukemia are also at higher risk. There are four main types of leukemia—acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)—and a number of less common types. Leukemias and lymphomas both belong to a broader group of tumors that affect the blood, bone marrow, and lymphoid system, known as tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “leukemia” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.