Lycopodiopsida

Also known as lycophytes, quillworts, Club moss, club mosses, firmosses, lycopods, clubmosses

Lycopodiopsida is a class of vascular plants also known as lycopsids, lycopods, or lycophytes. Members of the class are also called clubmosses, firmosses, spikemosses and quillworts. They have dichotomously branching stems bearing simple leaves called microphylls and reproduce by means of spores borne in sporangia on the sides of the stems at the bases of the leaves. Although living species are small, during the Carboniferous, extinct tree-like forms (Lepidodendrales) formed huge forests that dominated the landscape and contributed to coal deposits.

Species

CLASS

KingdomPlantae
PhylumTracheophyta
ClassLycopodiopsida

Habitatfreshwater

Observations recorded1,909,933

本文介紹的是植物。關於台灣本土閩南語諧星藝人，請見「石松 (藝人)」。目石松目 Lycopodiales 石松科 Lycopodiaceae 石杉科 Huperziaceae 鎌木目 Drepanophycales † 石松綱是石松門中的一綱。傳統上，石松綱不只包含石松及石杉，亦包含卷柏及水韭，但後兩者現在通常被分成另一綱－水韭綱中。石松被認為在結構上和最早的維管束植物相似，有小且鱗狀的葉子、在葉子根部的孢子囊中形成的同形孢子及分叉的莖。石松目此類群的分類法在最近幾年相當混亂，共識才將產生。舊的分類法將石松屬定義的很廣，幾乎包括所有石松目的物種。近幾年的趨勢是將石松屬的定義限縮，將其他物種分成數屬之中。此一分法已被形態學及分子上的資料支持，且被許多版本所採用。開始於由Øllgaard採用的四個屬[1]，基於葉綠體基因的研究產生了如下的分支圖[2]，確定了這四個屬為單系群，以及它們和水韭之間的距離。石松目 Lycopodiaceae 石松屬 Lycopodium 小石松屬 Lycopodiella 舌葉蕨屬 Phylloglossum 石杉屬 Huperzia 水韭屬 Isoetes 這四個屬分成兩個分支，但現在還沒有共識要將它們分成單一科－石松科，或兩個科－限縮定義的石松科及石杉科。參考資料 ^ Øllgaard, V., A Revised Classification of the Lycopodiaceae s. lat., Opera Botanica, 1987, 92: 153–78, cited in Yatsentyuk等 2001 ^ Yatsentyuk, S.P.; Valiejo-Roman, K.M.; Samigullin, T.H.; Wilkström, N.; & Troitsky, A.V., Evolution of Lycopodiaceae Inferred from Spacer Sequencing of Chloroplast rRNA Genes, Russian Journal of Genetics, 2001, 37 (9): 1068–73, doi:10.1023/A:1011969716528 引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助) 取自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=石松&oldid=50026980” 分类：石松纲孑遗植物隐藏分类：含有过时参数的引用的页面本地相关图片与维基数据相同

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Wikidata facts

Image: Lycopodium plant.jpg

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taxon name: Lycopodiopsida
Commons category: Lycopodiopsida
taxon common name: Kråkefotplanter

Sources (2)

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~13 min read

Article

11 sections

Contents

Characteristics
Taxonomy
Phylogeny
Classification
Subdivisions
Evolution
Microbial associations
Uses
See also
References
External links

The nomenclature and classification of plants with microphylls varies substantially among authors. A consensus classification for extant (living) species was produced in 2016 by the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (PPG I), which places them all in the class Lycopodiopsida, which includes the classes Isoetopsida and Selaginellopsida used in other systems. (See Table 2.) Alternative classification systems have used ranks from division (phylum) to subclass. In the PPG I system, the class is divided into three orders, Lycopodiales, Isoetales and Selaginellales.