Macchiaioli

thumb|right|Hay Stacks by Giovanni Fattori, a leading artist in the Macchiaioli movement The Macchiaioli () were a group of Italian painters active in Tuscany in the second half of the nineteenth century. They strayed from antiquated conventions taught by the Italian art academies, and did much of their painting outdoors in order to capture natural light, shade, and colour. This practice relates the Macchiaioli to the French Impressionists who came to prominence a few years later, although the Macchiaioli pursued somewhat different purposes. The most notable artists of this movement were Giuseppe Abbati, Cristiano Banti, Odoardo Borrani, Vincenzo Cabianca, Adriano Cecioni, Vito D'Ancona, Serafino De Tivoli, Giovanni Fattori, Raffaello Sernesi, Silvestro Lega, and Telemaco Signorini.

==The movement== thumb|left|Telemaco Signorini, [[Leith, 1881, Galleria d'Arte Moderna, Florence]] thumb|Macchiaioli at the Caffè Michelangiolo c. 1856 The movement originated with a small group of artists, many of whom had been revolutionaries in the uprisings of 1848. In the late 1850s, the artists met regularly at the Caffè Michelangiolo in Florence to discuss art and politics. These idealistic young men, dissatisfied with the art of the academies, shared a wish to reinvigorate Italian art by emulating the bold tonal structure they admired in such old masters as Rembrandt, Caravaggio and Tintoretto. In addition, they found inspiration in the paintings of their French contemporaries of the Barbizon school thanks to Serafino De Tivoli (referred to as the father of the Macchiaioli's technique by his friend Telemaco Signorini), who brought those influences to the Caffe' Michelangiolo after his trip to Paris for the Exposition Universelle in 1855. thumb|Castiglioncello: the Macchiaioli art-movement had one focus in the "school of Castiglioncello" (Etruscan Coast).