File:A_malnourished_child_in_an_MSF_treatment_tent_in_Dolo_Ado.jpg · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons

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營養不良

Also known as malnourishment, nutritional deficiency

Malnutrition occurs when an organism gets too few or too many nutrients, resulting in health problems. Specifically, it is a deficiency, excess, or imbalance of energy, protein and other nutrients which adversely affects the body's tissues and form.

AI overview

Malnutrition happens when your body doesn't get the right amount or balance of nutrients it needs, whether that's too little food, too much food, or the wrong mix of nutrients like protein and energy. This imbalance damages your body's tissues and overall health in harmful ways.

AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.

Key facts

Medical condition.name: Malnutrition
Medical condition.image: A malnourished child in an MSF treatment tent in Dolo Ado.jpg
Medical condition.caption: Underfed child in Dolo Ado, Ethiopia, at an MSF treatment tent
Medical condition.field: Critical care medicine
Medical condition.image_size: 280px
Medical condition.symptoms: Problems with physical or mental development; poor energy levels; hair loss; swollen legs and abdomen
Medical condition.causes: Eating a diet with too few or too many nutrients; malabsorption
Medical condition.risks: Lack of breastfeeding; gastroenteritis; pneumonia; malaria; measles; poverty; homelessness
Medical condition.prevention: Improving agricultural practices; reducing poverty; improving sanitation; education
Medical condition.treatment: Improved nutrition; supplementation; ready-to-use therapeutic foods; treating the underlying cause
Medical condition.medication: Eating food with enough nutrients on a near daily basis
Medical condition.frequency: 673 million undernourished / 8.2% of the population (2024)
Medical condition.deaths: 406,000 from nutritional deficiencies (2015)

via Wikipedia infobox

Research

184,523 papers

Malnutrition in Hospitalized Old Patients: Screening and Diagnosis, Clinical Outcomes, and Management.ReviewNutrients · 2022Bellanti F, Lo Buglio A, Quiete S et al.DOI: 10.3390/nu14040910
Malnutrition in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis.ReviewNutrients · 2021Traub J, Reiss L, Aliwa B et al.DOI: 10.3390/nu13020540
Diagnosing Pediatric Malnutrition.ReviewNutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · 2017Bouma SDOI: 10.1177/0884533616671861
Key approaches to diagnosing malnutrition in adults.ReviewNutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · 2022Malone A, Mogensen KMDOI: 10.1002/ncp.10810
Prognostic impact of disease-related malnutrition.ReviewClinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2008Norman K, Pichard C, Lochs H et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2007.10.007
Consensus statement: Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition: characteristics recommended for the identification and documentation of adult malnutrition (undernutrition).JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition · 2012White JV, Guenter P, Jensen G et al.DOI: 10.1177/0148607112440285
Role of the nutrition-focused physical examination in identifying malnutrition and its effectiveness.ReviewNutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · 2022Hummell AC, Cummings MDOI: 10.1002/ncp.10797
GLIM criteria to identify malnutrition in patients in hospital settings: A systematic review.JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition · 2023Alves LF, de Jesus JDS, Britto VNM et al.DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2533

via PubMed

Wikidata facts

Subclass of: clinical sign
Image: Kwashiorkor 6180.jpg

Show 8 more facts

on focus list of Wikimedia project: Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4
topic has template: Template:Nutritional pathology
topic's main category: Category:Malnutrition
Commons category: Malnutrition
health specialty: nutrition
exact match: identifiers.org/doid/DOID:8452
facet of: poverty
different from: hunger

Sources (10)

via Wikidata · CC0

Article · 中文

營養不良（英語：malnutrition）是一個描述健康狀況的用語，是指由飲食不均衡所造成的營養素缺乏、過剩、或比例失調。重要的營養成分包括：產生熱量的蛋白質、脂質與醣類，還有不產生熱量的維生素與膳食礦物質。一般會用「營養不良」指稱營養不足，也就是攝取的熱量、蛋白質與微量营养素不足，但其實也屬於營養不良的一種。若是孕婦在懷孕期間或兒童在兩歲以前發生營養不足，可能會對兒童的身心發展造成永久性的傷害。極度的營養不足稱之為饑饉，處在饑饉狀態的人可能會有身高偏低、體型瘦弱、活力不佳、腿部及腹部腫脹的情形，也容易受到疾病感染且不耐寒冷，而產生的症狀則視乎缺乏的元素而有所不同。如果不能長期攝取由適當數量、種類的營養素所構成的健康飲食，個體將產生營養不良。長期的營養不良可能導致飢餓死亡。营养不良最经常的原因是高營養的食品获取不足，而这又常常跟高昂的食品价格与贫困相关。除此之外缺乏母乳餵養也可能會造成嬰兒營養不足，而部分傳染病如腸胃炎、肺炎、瘧疾與痲疹，會造成人體熱量需求上升，也可能引起營養不足。營養不足主要可分為兩大類：與微量元素缺乏。蛋白質能量營養不良又有幾種常見型態：因同時缺乏蛋白質和熱量而產生的消瘦症與單純缺乏蛋白質產生的紅孩症；飲食成份中常缺乏的微量元素包括鐵、碘與。孕婦對營養的需求會增加，因此在懷孕期間營養不足更容易發生。在某些開發中國家，肥胖症不僅是營養過剩的表現，營養不足亦能造成肥胖症。其他可能引起營養不足的狀況包括神经性厌食症與減肥手術，老年人則常因為生理、心理或社會因素而發生營養不良。改善營養為發展援助中部分最有效的方式之一。母乳哺餵可減少孩童的營養不良及死亡，並有效推進存活率。除母乳外，提供其他食物給6個月至2歲大的孩童，可改善營養不良。另外有良好證據，支持提供發展中國家懷孕過程中的孕婦與孩童，補充含微量元素的膳食補充劑。讓亟需的人取得食物之最佳方法為提供食品或給予金錢於當地市場購買，然而僅提供食物給學童是不夠的。大部分嚴重營養不良的都能以處理。當營養不良併發其他健康問題時，則建議進一步就醫治療。這些常包括處理低血糖、體溫、脫水以及漸進式餵食。基於感染之高風險，通常建議例行性給予抗生素。而解決營養不良的長期措施，包括提升農業技術、降低貧窮、改善衛生條件和女性賦權。 2010年，全球共有9.25億人營養不良，並自1990年起，營養不良人數從1990年至今每年增加8,000萬人。此外，約10億人可能缺乏維生素與礦物質。2010年，估計造成60萬人死亡，比起1990年時造成88.3萬人死亡來說，有所降低。其他營養不良的情形，包含了碘缺乏病與缺鐵性貧血，造成8.4萬人死亡。2010年，營養不良造成失能調整生命年成長了1.4%。據信營養不良為兒童死亡起因的1/3，然而此部分卻很少被提及。2010年，估計已造成150萬兒童與婦女死於營養不良，而部分估計可能超過300萬。此外，有1.65億兒童有疾病導致的。營養不良於開發中國家更為常見。

Abstract from DBpedia / Wikipedia · CC BY-SA