File:MatrixLabelled.svg · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons
Also known as mathematical matrix, array
rectangular array of numbers, symbols, or expressions, arranged in rows and columns
A matrix is a rectangular arrangement of numbers, symbols, or expressions organized in rows and columns, often used as a tool for organizing and manipulating data. Matrices matter because they provide a structured way to represent and solve complex problems in mathematics, physics, engineering, and computer science.
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Wikidata facts
- Subclass of
- tensor
- Image
- Matriz organizacao.png
- Said to be same as
- linear map
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- Commons category
- Matrices
- different from
- table
- topic's main category
- Category:Matrices (mathematics)
- facet of
- linear algebra
- studied by
- matrix theory
- has characteristic
- rank
- on focus list of Wikimedia project
- Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4
- topic has template
- Template:Matrix classes
- maintained by WikiProject
- WikiProject Mathematics
- Stack Exchange tag
- tex.stackexchange.com/tags/matrices
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Article · 中文
數學上,一個的矩陣是一个由行(row)列(column)元素排列成的矩形阵列。矩陣裡的元素可以是数字、符号或数学式。 大小相同(行数列数都相同)的矩阵之间可以相互加减,具体是对每个位置上的元素做加减法。矩阵的乘法则较为复杂。两个矩阵可以相乘,当且仅当第一个矩阵的列数等于第二个矩阵的行数。矩阵的乘法满足结合律和分配律,但不满足交换律。 矩阵的一个重要用途是解线性方程组。线性方程组中未知量的系数可以排成一个矩阵,加上常数项,则称为增广矩阵。另一个重要用途是表示线性变换,即是诸如之类的線性函數的推广。设定基底后,某个向量可以表示为的矩阵,而线性变换可以表示为列数为的矩阵,使得经过变换后得到的向量可以表示成的形式。矩阵的特征值和特征向量可以揭示线性变换的深层特性。 矩陣是高等代数学中的常见工具,也常见于统计分析等应用数学学科中。在物理学中,矩阵在力学、电路学、光学和量子物理等領域中都有应用;计算机科学中,三维动画制作也需要用到矩阵。矩阵的运算是数值分析领域的重要问题。将矩阵分解为简单矩阵的组合可以在理论和实际应用上简化矩阵的运算。对一些应用广泛而形式特殊的矩阵,例如稀疏矩阵和,有特定的快速运算算法。关于矩阵相关理论的发展和应用,請參考矩陣理論。在天体物理、量子力学等领域,也会出现无穷维的矩阵,是矩阵的一种推广。
Abstract from DBpedia / Wikipedia · CC BY-SA
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