Mendelian inheritance
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Mendelian inheritance is the pattern of how traits pass from parents to offspring through genes, following predictable mathematical rules that Gregor Mendel discovered by studying pea plants. Understanding it matters because these rules form the foundation of genetics and help explain how characteristics like eye color or disease susceptibility run in families.
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Gregor Mendel, the Moravian Augustinian friar who founded the modern science of genetics
Mendelian inheritance (also known as Mendelism) is a type of biological inheritance following the principles originally proposed by Gregor Mendel in 1865 and 1866, re-discovered in 1900 by Hugo de Vries and Carl Correns, and later popularized by William Bateson. Its defining characteristic is heavy association with a singular gene. The principles were initially controversial. When Mendel's theories were integrated with the Boveri–Sutton chromosome theory of inheritance by Thomas Hunt Morgan in 1915, they became the core of classical genetics. Ronald Fisher combined these ideas with the theory of natural selection in his 1930 book The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection, putting evolution onto a mathematical footing and forming the basis for population genetics within the modern evolutionary synthesis.