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statistics

Also known as stats, statistical sciences

thumb|upright=1.3|right|The normal distribution, a very common probability density, is used extensively in [[inferential statistics.]] thumb|upright=1.3|right|Scatter plots and [[line charts are used in descriptive statistics to show the observed relationships between different variables, here using the Iris flower data set.]]

OverviewAI-generated

Statistics is an academic major and a subclass of mathematics and formal science. It is part of mathematics and economics. The field is the study of probability distribution. It has descriptive statistics as a part. Statistics is different from statistic. It is practiced by statistician.

The topic is maintained by WikiProject Mathematics and WikiProject Statistics. It is described by source Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary, Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron, Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition, and Granat Encyclopedic Dictionary. The history of the topic is recorded in history of statistics. It is studied by sociolinguistics.

Statistics has a Commons category and a topic's main category. It has a topic's main Wikimedia portal. The classification of instructional programs code is 27.05 and 27.0501. The NCI Thesaurus ID is C17167. The subject is referenced by 5,472 other encyclopedia articles.

Synthesized by Vinony from 25 facts across 3 sources: Wikidata, PubMed, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

Research

3,187,047 papers

The chi-square test of independence.Biochemia medica · 2013McHugh MLDOI: 10.11613/bm.2013.018
Nonparametric statistical testing of EEG- and MEG-data.Journal of neuroscience methods · 2007Maris E, Oostenveld RDOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.03.024
Clinical statistics: five key statistical concepts for clinicians.ReviewJournal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons · 2013Choi YGDOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2013.39.5.203
Lies, Damn Lies, and Bad Statistics?Obesity surgery · 2021Braghetto I, Figueroa MDOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04470-y
Appropriate Statistics for Determining Chance-Removed Interpractitioner Agreement.Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.) · 2019Popplewell M, Reizes J, Zaslawski CDOI: 10.1089/acm.2017.0297
Surrogate endpoint metaregression: useful statistics for regulators and trialists.Journal of clinical epidemiology · 2024Baker SG, Lassere MND, Lo WPDOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2024.111508
The performance of robust test statistics with categorical data.ReviewThe British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology · 2013Savalei V, Rhemtulla MDOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8317.2012.02049.x
The biostatistical minimum.Journal of thoracic disease · 2017Bertolaccini L, Pardolesi A, Solli PDOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.09.94

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Encyclopedic overview

35 sections

Contents

Introduction
Statistical data
Data collection
Sampling
Experimental and observational studies
Experiments
Observational study
Types of data
Methods
Descriptive statistics
Inferential statistics
Terminology and theory of inferential statistics
Statistics, estimators and pivotal quantities
Null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis
Error
Interval estimation
Significance
Examples
Bayesian statistics
Exploratory data analysis
Mathematical statistics
History
Applications
Applied statistics, theoretical statistics and mathematical statistics
Machine learning and data mining
Statistics in academia
Statistical computing
Business statistics
Specialized disciplines
Misuse
Misinterpretation: correlation
See also
References
Further reading
External links

Statistics (from German: '', "description of a state, a country") is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data. In applying statistics to a scientific, industrial, or social problem, it is conventional to begin with a statistical population or a statistical model to be studied. Populations can be diverse groups of people or objects such as "all people living in a country" or "every atom composing a crystal". Statistics deals with every aspect of data, including the planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys and experiments. Statistics is deeply related to subjects like physics, chemistry, geography, geopolitics, and especially mathematics.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “statistics” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.