monophenol monooxygenase
Sign in to saveAlso known as tyrosinase, monophenol oxygenase, monophenol oxidase, monophenolase, monophenol, dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine oxygen oxidoreductase, monophenol monooxidase, polyaromatic oxidase, monophenol,L-dopa:oxygen oxidoreductase
Tyrosinase is an oxidase that is the rate-limiting enzyme for controlling the production of melanin. The enzyme is mainly involved in two distinct reactions of melanin synthesis otherwise known as the Raper–Mason pathway. Firstly, the hydroxylation of a monophenol and secondly, the conversion of an o-diphenol to the corresponding o-quinone. o-Quinone undergoes several reactions to eventually form melanin. Tyrosinase is a copper-containing enzyme present in plant and animal tissues that catalyzes the production of melanin and other pigments from tyrosine by oxidation. It is found inside melanos
Key facts
- Enzyme.Name
- monophenol monooxygenase
- Enzyme.EC_number
- 1.14.18.1
- Enzyme.CAS_number
- 9002-10-2
- Enzyme.GO_code
- 0004503
- Enzyme.image
- Catechol-Quinone.svg
- Enzyme.caption
- Catechol-Quinone
- Protein family.Symbol
- Tyrosinase
- Protein family.Name
- Common central domain of tyrosinase
- Protein family.image
- PDB 1js8 EBI.jpg
- Protein family.caption
- Tridimensional structure of a functional unit from octopus hemocyanin
- Protein family.Pfam
- PF00264
- Protein family.Pfam_clan
- CL0205
- Protein family.InterPro
- IPR002227
- Protein family.PROSITE
- PDOC00398
- Protein family.SCOP
- 1hc2
- Protein family.Prosite
- PDOC00398
via Wikipedia infobox
Gene · Ensembl
tyrosinase
- Symbol
- TYR
- Biotype
- Protein coding
- Organism
- Homo sapiens
- Location
- 11:89,177,875-89,295,759
- Strand
- Forward (+)
- Assembly
- GRCh38
via Ensembl · EMBL-EBI
Wikidata facts
- Instance of
- gene
- Image
- Tyrosinase.png
Show 10 more facts
- EC enzyme number
- 1.14.18.1
- HomoloGene ID
- 30969
- genomic start
- 89177875
- Commons category
- Tyrosinase
- found in taxon
- Homo sapiens
- exact match
- identifiers.org/ncbigene/7299
- genomic end
- 89028927
- chromosome
- human chromosome 11
- cytogenetic location
- 11q14.3
- expressed in
- ganglionic eminence
via Wikidata · CC0
~16 min read
Encyclopedic overview
19 sectionsContents
- Catalyzed reaction
- Active site
- Structure
- Plant
- Mammalian
- Bacterial
- Fungal
- Gene regulation
- Clinical significance
- Inhibitors
- Genetics
- Evolution
- Applications
- In the food industry
- In the cosmetic industry
- In insects
- In mussel-glue inspired polymers
- References
- External links
Tyrosinase is an oxidase that is the rate-limiting enzyme for controlling the production of melanin. The enzyme is mainly involved in two distinct reactions of melanin synthesis otherwise known as the Raper–Mason pathway. Firstly, the hydroxylation of a monophenol and secondly, the conversion of an o-diphenol to the corresponding o-quinone. o-Quinone undergoes several reactions to eventually form melanin. Tyrosinase is a copper-containing enzyme present in plant and animal tissues that catalyzes the production of melanin and other pigments from tyrosine by oxidation. It is found inside melanosomes which are synthesized in the skin melanocytes. In humans, the tyrosinase enzyme is encoded by the TYR gene.
== Catalyzed reaction == Tyrosinase carries out the oxidation of phenols such as tyrosine and dopamine using dioxygen (O2). In the presence of catechol, benzoquinone is formed (see reaction below). Hydrogens removed from catechol combine with oxygen to form water.
Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “monophenol monooxygenase” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.