Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
Also known as Muhammad Zia Ul-Haq, Mukhammed Zia-үl-Kha
Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq (12 August 192417 August 1988) was a Pakistani military officer and politician who served as the sixth president of Pakistan from 1978 until his death in an airplane crash in 1988. He also served as the second chief of the army staff of the Pakistan Army from 1976 until his death. The country's longest-serving de facto head of state and chief of the army staff, Zia's political ideology is known as Ziaism.
AI overview
Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq was a Pakistani military leader who served as the country's president and army chief for a decade, from 1978 until his death in a plane crash in 1988. He remains historically significant as Pakistan's longest-serving military ruler, whose political ideology, known as Ziaism, shaped the nation's governance during that period.
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Article
46 sectionsContents
- Military service
- Early career and partition
- Role in Black September
- Ascent to Chief of Army Staff
- Military coup
- Pre-coup unrest
- Execution of coup d'etat
- Dictatorship (1977–1988)
- Postponement of elections
- Doctrine of necessity
- Trial of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
- Appointment of martial law administrators
- Martial law judges
- Martial law governors
- Assumption of the post of President of Pakistan
- Domestic policy
- Formation of Majlis-e-Shoora
- 1984 referendum
- 1985 parliamentary elections and constitutional amendments
- Islamisation of Pakistan
- Islamic Law
- Hudood Ordinance
- Blasphemy ordinances
- Madrassa expansions
- Cultural policies
- Welfare of the people with disabilities
- Nuclear weapons programme
- Expansion
- Economic policy
- Foreign affairs
- Soviet–Afghan War
- Iran–Iraq War
- Relationship with the United States
- Nuclear proliferation
- Dismissal of the Junejo government and call for new elections
- Family and personal life
- Death
- Legacy
- In Pakistan
- Outside Pakistan
- Portrayals in popular culture
- Awards and decorations
- See also
- Notes
- References
- Bibliography
Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq (12 August 192417 August 1988) was a Pakistani military officer and politician who served as the sixth president of Pakistan from 1978 until his death in an airplane crash in 1988. He also served as the second chief of the army staff of the Pakistan Army from 1976 until his death. The country's longest-serving de facto head of state and chief of the army staff, Zia's political ideology is known as Ziaism.
Educated at Delhi University, Zia saw action in World War II as a British Indian Army officer in Burma and Malaya, before opting for Pakistan in 1947 and fighting as a tank commander in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. In 1970, he led a military training mission to Jordan, proving instrumental to defeating the Black September insurgency against King Hussein. In recognition, Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto appointed Zia Chief of Army Staff in 1976. Following civil disorder, Zia deposed Bhutto in a military coup and declared martial law on 5 July 1977. Bhutto was controversially tried by the Supreme Court and executed less than two years later, for authorising the murder of a political opponent.
Gallery (47)
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Categories
1924 births1988 deathsBlack SeptemberChiefs of Army Staff, PakistanDelhi University alumniIndian expatriates in British BurmaIndian expatriates in MalaysiaLeaders who took power by coupMilitary government of Pakistan (1977–1988)Non-U.S. alumni of the Command and General Staff CollegePakistan Armoured Corps officersPakistan Command and Staff College alumni