sharia
Sign in to saveSharia (; , ), also transliterated as '''''Sharī'ah, Shari'a, or Shariah''''', is a body of religious law that form the Islamic tradition based on scriptures of Islam, particularly the Qur'an and hadith. In Islamic terminology sharīʿah refers to immutable, intangible divine law, in contrast to fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), which refers to its interpretations by Islamic scholars. Sharia, or fiqh as traditionally known, has always been used alongside customary law from the very beginning in Islamic history; it has been elaborated and developed over the centuries by legal opinions issued by quali
AI overview
Sharia is a body of religious law based on Islamic scriptures, particularly the Qur'an and hadith, that forms the foundation of Islamic tradition. It matters because it has been central to Islamic societies throughout history, shaping legal systems and social practices, though scholars have continuously interpreted and developed it over centuries.
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Article
64 sectionsContents
- Etymology and usage
- Contemporary usage
- Etymology
- Use in religious texts
- Historical origins
- Traditional jurisprudence (''fiqh'')
- Principles of jurisprudence (''uṣūl al-fiqh'')
- Sources for Ahkam al-Sharia
- Aims of Sharia and public interest
- Ijtihad
- Ahkam al-shar'iyya (Decision types; labels)
- Branches and details (''furūʿ al-fiqh'')
- Schools of law
- Pre-modern Islamic legal system
- Jurists
- Courts
- Punishments
- Socio-political context
- Women, non-Muslims, slaves
- Under colonial rule
- Ottoman Empire
- Nation states
- Islamization
- Contemporary applications
- Muslim-majority countries
- Constitutional law
- Family law
- Criminal law
- Property law
- Court procedures
- Evidences / testimonies
- Diya
- Role of fatwas
- Role of ''hisba''
- Muslim-minority countries
- Support and opposition
- Support
- Opposition
- Contemporary debates and controversies
- Compatibility with democracy
- General Muslim views
- Islamic political theories
- European Court of Human Rights
- Compatibility with freedom of religion
- Apostasy
- Compatibility with human rights
- LGBTQ rights
- Women
- Personal status and child marriage
- Property rights
- Domestic violence
- Rape
- Slavery
- Terrorism
- Blasphemy
- Comparison with other legal systems
- Jewish law
- Common law systems
- See also
- Notes
- Citations
- Sources
- Further reading
- External links
Sharia (; , ), also transliterated as '''''Sharī'ah, Shari'a, or Shariah''''', is a body of religious law that form the Islamic tradition based on scriptures of Islam, particularly the Qur'an and hadith. In Islamic terminology sharīʿah refers to immutable, intangible divine law, in contrast to fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), which refers to its interpretations by Islamic scholars. Sharia, or fiqh as traditionally known, has always been used alongside customary law from the very beginning in Islamic history; it has been elaborated and developed over the centuries by legal opinions issued by qualified jurists – reflecting the tendencies of different schools – and integrated and with various economic, penal and administrative laws issued by Muslim rulers; and implemented for centuries by judges in the courts until recent times, when secularism was widely adopted in Islamic societies.
Traditional theory of Islamic jurisprudence recognizes four sources for al-sharia: the Qur'an, sunnah (or authentic ahadith), ijma (lit. consensus) (may be understood as ijma al-ummah () – a whole Islamic community consensus, or ijma al-aimmah () – a consensus by religious authorities), and analogical reasoning. It distinguishes two principal branches of law, rituals (Ibadah) and social dealings (Muamalat); subsections family law, relationships (commercial, political / administrative) and criminal law, in a wide range of topics assigning actions – capable of settling into different categories according to different understandings – to categories (ahkam) mainly as: mandatory, recommended, neutral, abhorred, and prohibited. Beyond legal norms, Sharia also enters many areas that are considered private practises today, such as belief, worshipping, ethics, clothing and lifestyle, and gives to those in command duties to intervene and regulate them.