physical constant
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A physical constant is a number that describes something fundamental about how the universe works, like the speed of light or the strength of gravity, and scientists believe it stays the same everywhere and throughout all time. These constants matter because they're the basic building blocks that physicists use to explain and predict how everything in nature behaves, from atoms to stars.
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A physical constant, sometimes called a fundamental physical constant or universal constant, is a physical quantity that cannot be explained by a theory and therefore must be measured experimentally. It is distinct from a mathematical constant, which has a fixed numerical value, but does not directly involve any physical measurement.
There are many physical constants in science, some of the most widely recognized being the speed of light in vacuum c, the gravitational constant G, the Planck constant h, the electric constant ε0, and the elementary charge e. Physical constants can take many dimensional forms: the speed of light has dimension of length divided by time (TL), while the proton-to-electron mass ratio is dimensionless.