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Pliny the Elder

Also known as Gaius Plinius Secundus, Caius Plinius Secundus, Gaius P. Secundus, Caius P. Secundus, C. Plinius Secundus, Plinius, Pliny, the Elder Pliny

1st-century Roman military commander and writer

OverviewAI-generated

Pliny the Elder, also known as Plinius Maior, was a male person born in 23 A.D. and died in 79 A.D. or 70 A.D. He is the subject of 36 works in Europeana, five in Crossref, and 126 in Open Library. His notable works include *Sommaire des singularitez de Pline*, *Lettres de Pline le Jeune*, and *C. Plinii Secvndi Historiæ naturalis libri XXXVII*.

He is referenced by 5,014 other encyclopedia articles. His quotes include the statement that it is ridiculous to suppose that the great head of things pays any regard to human affairs, and the phrase *Haec est Italia diis sacra*. He is associated with the Commons category "Plinius Maior" and the creator page "Plinio el Viejo."

Synthesized by Vinony from 20 facts across 8 sources: Wikidata, Last.fm, Europeana Sparql, Crossref, MusicBrainz, Open Library, Wikiquote, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

Person · Open Library

Born: 23 A.D.
Died: 70 A.D.
Works: 126

Top works

Sommaire des singularitez de Pline
Iohannis Andree Episcopi Alerien[sis] ad pontificem summum Paulum .II. Venetum. Epistola
[De naturali historia
Lettres de Pline le Jeune
Vorrede, Inhaltsverzeichnis des Gesamtwerks, Fragmente, Zeugnisse.

via Open Library + Wikidata

Music · MusicBrainz

Type: Person
Gender: Male
Origin: Izhevsk

Discography

Ancient Forest Dub II2016

Discogs

via MusicBrainz · CC0

Listeners · Last.fm

Listeners: 19
Total plays: 283

Recent publications · Crossref

5 total works indexed

The Immune Landscape of Cancer
· 2018 · cited 4,770x
An Integrated TCGA Pan-Cancer Clinical Data Resource to Drive High-Quality Survival Outcome Analytics
· 2018 · cited 3,143x
Selection on Observed and Unobserved Variables: Assessing the Effectiveness of Catholic Schools
· 2005 · cited 2,924x
Oncogenic Signaling Pathways in The Cancer Genome Atlas
· 2018 · cited 2,809x
Cell-of-Origin Patterns Dominate the Molecular Classification of 10,000 Tumors from 33 Types of Cancer
· 2018 · cited 2,294x

via Crossref · CC0

Quotes

“In comparing various authors with one another, I have discovered that some of the gravest and latest writers have transcribed, word for word, from former works, without making acknowledgment.”
“The world, and whatever that be which we call the heavens, by the vault of which all things are enclosed, we must conceive to be a deity, to be eternal, without bounds, neither created nor subject at any time to destruction. To inquire what is beyond it is no concern of man; nor can the human mind form any conjecture concerning it.”
“The only certainty is that nothing is certain. (Fuller version: This series of instances entangles unforeseeing mortality, so that among these things but one thing is in the least certain—that nothing certain exists, and that nothing is more pitiable, or more presnmptuous, than man! In Latin: Quae singula inprovidam mortalitatem involvunt, solum ut inter ista vel certu(m) sit nihil esse certi nec quicquam miserius homine aut superbius. Some sources have "certu", others "certum".)”
“It is ridiculous to suppose that the great head of things, whatever it be, pays any regard to human affairs.”
“Everything is soothed by oil, and this is the reason why divers send out small quantities of it from their mouths, because it smooths every part which is rough.”
“Haec est Italia diis sacra”

via Wikiquote · CC BY-SA

Wikidata facts

Instance of: human
Gender: male
Citizenship: Ancient Rome
Place of death: Stabiae
Child: Pliny the Younger
Occupation: military commander
Languages spoken: Ancient Greek
Native language: Latin
Notable work: Natural History
Student of: Antonius Castor
Field of work: geography
Image: Grande Illustrazione del Lombardo Veneto Vol 3 Plinio Secondo 300dpi.jpg
Work location: Ancient Rome

Show 18 more facts

praenomen: Gaius
time period: Roman Empire
Commons category: Plinius Maior
Commons Creator page: Plinio el Viejo
student: Pliny the Younger
name in native language: Caius Plinius Secundus
topic's main category: Category:Pliny the Elder
ethnic group: Romans
social classification: equites
manner of death: accidental death
cause of death: volcanic eruption
relative: Pliny the Younger
writing language: Latin
date of birth: 0024-00-00
date of death: 0079-08-25
on focus list of Wikimedia project: Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4
P13311: Thanjavur
P12749: Psammophis sibilans

Sources (5)

via Wikidata · CC0

Works in European collections

36 objects attributed to Pliny the Elder, held across European museums, libraries & archives · via Europeana

Naturae historiarum libri XXXVII e castigationibus Hermolai Barbari, quam emendatissime editi. Additus est index Joannis Camertis

C. Plinii Secvndi Historia Mvndi, Denvo Emendata, Non Pavcis Locis Ex Diligenti Ad Pervetvsta Et optimæ fidei exemplaria collatione, nunc primũ animaduersis castigatisq[ue], quemadmodum cuidenter in Sigismundi Gelenij Annotationibus operi adnexis apparet. Adiunctus est Index copiosissimus (Joan. Camertis.)

Historiae mundi libri XXXVII a Sigismundo Gelenio castigati. Accesserunt ad marginem variae lectiones ac notae ex Ferd. Pintiani, Adr. Turnebi ... aliorumque scriptis ... una cum indice

Pline’s natural history with translation into French/vol. 1

Pline’s natural history with translation into French/vol. 2

Historiae naturalis

C. Plinii Secundi historiae mundi libri XXXVII

In Omnes C. Plinii Secvndi Natvralis Historiæ Argvtissimi Scriptoris libros, Stephani Aquæi Bituricensis, viri Equestris, Commentaria

C. Plinii Secundi naturae historiarum libri XXXVII

C. Plinii Secundi historiae naturalis libri XXXVII

C. Plinii Secundi historiae mundi libri XXXVII

Secundi Historiae mundi libri XXXVII

Cajus Plinius Secundus Naturgeschichte übersetzt von Gottfried Große [...] Fünfter Band

Plinius

Traducion de los libros de Caio Plinio Segundo, de la historia natural de los animales

Historia Natural. Libros IX, X y XI [Manuscrito]

Historia Natural. Libros XVII, XVIII, XIX y XX [Manuscrito]

Historia Natural. Libros IV, V y VI [Manuscrito]

Historia Natural. Libros I, II y III [Manuscrito]

Historia Natural. Libros VII y VIII [Manuscrito]

Historia Natural. Libros VII, X, XI y XII [Manuscrito]. or Cayo Plinio Cecilio Segundo; traducido por Francisco Hernández

Historia Natural. Libros XIII, XIV y XV [Manuscrito]

Histoire de la peinture ancienne, extraite de l'Hist. Naturelle de Pline, Liv. 35. Avec le Texte Latin, corr. sur les Mss. de Vossius et sur la I. Ed. de Venise, et eclairci par des remarques nouv.

Histoire du monde ... a quoy a este adjouste un traite des poix et mesures antiques reduittes a la facon des Francois. Le tout mis en francois par Antoine du Pinet

C. Plinii Secundi Historiae mundi Libri XXXVII ex postrema ad vetustas codices collatione cum annotationibus et indice

Historia naturalis

Canones tabularum illustris regis Alfoncii ac eciam canones eclipsium ordinati per magistrum Iohannem de Saxonia. Item quadrans nouus magistri Profacii. Iudicia Tholomei. Tractatus de presagiis tempestatum. Compotus Linconiensis et nomina astralabii eiusdem [titel fenestra]

C. Plinij Secundi Veronensis historiae naturalis Libri xxxvij :

Medici antiqui omnes :

Epistole Francisci Philelphi Equitis aurati, oratoris atq[ue] Poetae laureati: cum breuiores, tum elega[n]tiores: ex toto eiusdem epistolar[um] volumine selectae: adolescentibus scribendar[um] litteraru[m] officio studiosis maxime conducibiles :

Gaius PLINIUS Secundus, Historia naturalis ...

Valerii Maximi Dictorum, & factorum memorabilium Libri Nouem. Ad exemplar Aldi

Historia naturalis

Histoire naturelle

Caii Plinii Secundi Historiae naturalis libri XXXVII cum selectis commentariis J. Harduini ac recentiorum interpretum novisque adnotationibus - Pars secunda, Vol.2,1,: Continens Geographiam /

~35 min read

Encyclopedic overview

Gaius Plinius Secundus (Como, 23 or 24 – Stabiae, 25 August 79), known in English as Pliny the Elder (/ˈplɪni/ PLIN-ee), was a Roman author, naturalist, scientist, naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, procurator, and friend of the emperor Vespasian. Pliny wrote the encyclopedic Naturalis Historia (Natural History), a thirty-seven-volume work covering a vast array of topics on human knowledge and the natural world, which became an editorial model for encyclopedias. He spent most of his spare time studying, writing, and investigating natural and geographic phenomena in the field.

Pliny produced seven works spanning 102 volumes, of which only Natural History survives. Among the lost works was the twenty-volume Bella Germaniae (Wars of Germania), used as a source by other prominent Roman historians including Plutarch, Tacitus, and Suetonius. Tacitus may have used Bella Germaniae as the primary source for his work, De origine et situ Germanorum (On the Origin and Situation of the Germani). Also substantial was the thirty-one-volume history A fine Aufidii Bassi, which extended Aufidius Bassus' earlier historical work to Pliny's day.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “Pliny the Elder” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.