Rhynchocephalia
Sign in to saveRhynchocephalia (; ) is an order of lizard-like reptiles that includes only one living species, the tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) of New Zealand. Despite its current lack of diversity, during the Mesozoic rhynchocephalians were a speciose group with high morphological and ecological diversity. The oldest record of the group is dated to the Middle Triassic around 244 million years ago, and they had achieved global distribution by the Early Jurassic. Most rhynchocephalians belong to the suborder Sphenodontia ('wedge-teeth'). Their closest living relatives are lizards and snakes in the order Squa
Species
喙頭目（學名：Rhynchocephalia），也稱喙頭蜥目，是形似蜥蜴的蜥形綱動物的一個目。今僅存楔齒蜥科下楔齒蜥屬2種。 產於紐西蘭的斑點楔齒蜥 分類 1831年，喙頭蜥的頭骨被送至大英博物館，因被當成一種蜥蜴，而使整個屬被錯誤分類。[失效連結][2] 1867年，大英博物館的阿爾伯特·甘瑟（Albert Günther）注意到喙頭蜥與鳥、龜和鱷的相似點，建立了喙頭目以包含喙頭蜥與相關的化石種。[失效連結][3] 然而許多無關的種隨後都被添加到喙頭目下。[4] 1925年， 塞繆爾·溫德爾·威利斯頓（Samuel Wendell Williston）提出新的楔齒蜥類（Sphenodontia），僅包含現今生存的楔齒蜥與相關的化石種，以區別於混雜的喙頭目。[4] 如今喙头目的用法包含 Gephyrosaurus（英语：Gephyrosaurus） 與楔齒蜥類。[5][6] 演化樹 以下是 Rauhut 等人於2012年提出的喙頭目的演化樹。[7] 喙頭目 Gephyrosaurus 楔齒蜥類 Diphydontosaurus Planocephalosaurus Homoeosaurus Brachyrhinodon Clevosaurus Pleurosauridae Palaeopleurosaurus Pleurosaurus Kallimodon Sapheosaurus 楔齒蜥科 楔齒蜥 Oenosaurus Cynosphenodon Zapatadon Opisthodontia Opisthias Eilenodontini Toxolophosaurus Priosphenodon Eilenodon 參考資料 ^ Jones, M. E.; Anderson, C.; Hipsley, C. A.; Müller, J.; Evans, S. E.; Schoch, R. R. Integration of molecules and new fossils supports a Triassic origin for Lepidosauria (lizards, snakes, and tuatara). BMC Evolutionary Biology. 2013, 13: 208. PMC 4016551. PMID 24063680. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-13-208. ^ Lutz 2005，第42页. ^ Lutz 2005，第43页. ^ 4.0 4.1 Fraser, Nicholas; Sues, Hans-Dieter; (eds). "Phylogeny" In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs: Early Mesozoic Tetrapods. Cambridge
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- Lepidosauria
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- P105
- order
- P183
- New Zealand
- P523
- Late Triassic
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9 sectionsContents
- Research history
- Anatomy
- Classification
- Clades and genera
- Ecology
- Evolutionary history
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Rhynchocephalia (; ) is an order of lizard-like reptiles that includes only one living species, the tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) of New Zealand. Despite its current lack of diversity, during the Mesozoic rhynchocephalians were a speciose group with high morphological and ecological diversity. The oldest record of the group is dated to the Middle Triassic around 244 million years ago, and they had achieved global distribution by the Early Jurassic. Most rhynchocephalians belong to the suborder Sphenodontia ('wedge-teeth'). Their closest living relatives are lizards and snakes in the order Squamata, with the two orders being grouped together in the superorder Lepidosauria.
Rhynchocephalians are distinguished from squamates by a number of traits, including the retention of rib-like gastralia bones in the belly, as well as most rhynchocephalians having acrodont teeth that are fused to the crests of the jaws (the latter also found among a small number of modern lizard groups like agamids).