scale
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A scale is a sequence of musical notes arranged in order from lowest to highest (or highest to lowest) within the span of an octave. Scales matter because they provide the organized framework that musicians use to create melodies and compositions.
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In music theory, a scale is "any consecutive series of notes that form a progression between one note and its octave", typically by order of pitch or fundamental frequency.
The word scale originates from the Latin scala, which literally means "ladder". Therefore, any scale is distinguishable by its "step-pattern", or how its intervals interact with each other.