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Also known as element 14, 14Si

Silicon (, ) is a chemical element; it has symbol Si and atomic number 14. It is a hard, brittle crystalline solid with a blue-grey metallic lustre, and is a tetravalent non-metal (sometimes considered as a metalloid) and semiconductor. It is a member of group 14 in the periodic table: carbon is above it; and germanium, tin, lead, and flerovium are below it. It is relatively unreactive. Silicon is a significant element that is essential for several physiological and metabolic processes in plants. Silicon is widely used as a semiconductor material in various electrical devices such as transisto

OverviewAI-generated

Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and atomic number 14. Its standard atomic weight is 28.085. The element exhibits oxidation states of 3, 4, -3, and -2. Its electron configuration is described as 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p² or [Ne] 3s² 3p². The electronegativity of silicon is 1.90, and its ionic radius is 0.40.

The substance has a density of 2.3290 and a melting point of 2570. Its boiling point is 4271, with a vapor pressure of 0. The standard molar entropy is 18.8. Silicon was discovered in 1823. It is referenced by 2,848 other encyclopedia articles. The Unicode character for silicon is "矽".

Synthesized by Vinony from 34 facts across 4 sources: Wikidata, PubChem, PubMed, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

Chemical data

Formula: Si
Molecular weight: 28.085 g/mol
IUPAC name: silicon
SMILES: [Si]
InChIKey: XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Polar surface area: 0 Å²
H-bond donors: 0
H-bond acceptors: 0
Formal charge: 0

via PubChem

Research

126,041 papers

Silicon: A neglected micronutrient essential for bone health.ReviewExperimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2021Rondanelli M, Faliva MA, Peroni G et al.DOI: 10.1177/1535370221997072
Silicon.ReviewNutrition reviews · 1975Carlisle EMDOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-4775-0_11
Black Silicon Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Biosensors: Current Advances and Prospects.ReviewBiosensors · 2024Padrez Y, Golubewa LDOI: 10.3390/bios14100453
Silicon nanohybrid-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensors.ReviewSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2014Wang H, Jiang X, Lee ST et al.DOI: 10.1002/smll.201401563
Plant Silicon Defences Suppress Herbivore Performance, but Mode of Feeding Is Key.Ecology letters · 2024Johnson SN, Waterman JM, Hartley SE et al.DOI: 10.1111/ele.14519
Silicon nanomaterials platform for bioimaging, biosensing, and cancer therapy.ReviewAccounts of chemical research · 2014Peng F, Su Y, Zhong Y et al.DOI: 10.1021/ar400221g
Two-Dimensional Silicene/Silicon Nanosheets: An Emerging Silicon-Composed Nanostructure in Biomedicine.ReviewAdvanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2021Ma L, Song X, Yu Y et al.DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008226
Silicon: the health benefits of a metalloid.ReviewMetal ions in life sciences · 2013Martin KRDOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7500-8_14

Wikidata facts

Instance of: lithophile
Subclass of: metalloid
Part of: group 14
Named after: flint
Material used: sand
Mass: 28.085
Image: SiliconCroda.jpg

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Commons gallery: Silicon
atomic number: 14
oxidation state: -4
element symbol: Si
Commons category: Silicon
topic's main category: Category:Silicon
NIOSH Pocket Guide ID: 0554
density: 2.3290
minimum explosive concentration: 160
melting point: 2570
boiling point: 4271
vapor pressure: 0
described by source: Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition
time-weighted average exposure limit: 15
chemical formula: Si
canonical SMILES: [Si]
time of discovery or invention: 1823-00-00
standard molar entropy: 18.8
discoverer or inventor: Jöns Jacob Berzelius
Unicode character: 矽
electronegativity: 1.90
different from: silicone
exact match: agrovoc.uniroma2.it/agrovoc/agrovoc/en/page/c_7061
ionic radius: 0.40
electron configuration: [Ne] 3s² 3p²
on focus list of Wikimedia project: Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4
found in taxon: Opuntia stricta

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