Sumer was the earliest known civilization, located in southern Mesopotamia (modern-day south-central Iraq), that emerged between the 5th and 4th millennium BC in the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. It matters because it stands as one of humanity's original cradles of civilization, where agricultural surplus from grain farming enabled the development of the world's first urban settlements.
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Discovered by embedding cosine similarity (sentence-transformers MiniLM, 384-dim).