Also known as Socialist Republic of Vietnam, VN, VIE, Việt Nam, SRV, VNM, Viet Nam, Socialist Republic of Viet Nam
東南亞國家
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Vietnam was ruled by an imperial dynasty until 1945, and has been a socialist state under an authoritarian system since reunification in 1976. The country has about 100 million inhabitants and provides a staggering variety of forest landscapes and a complex cultural history.
thumb|A train in Hanoi, Vietnam thumb|The Vietnamese are experts at transporting huge piles of goods on (motor)bikes.
Vietnam will show you sides of Asia that you've dreamed of. Lush rice fields at the bottom of stunningly gorgeous highlands, colourful water markets on the streams of the Mekong Delta and the endless bustling city life of Hanoi, where anything from school children to fridges and huge piles of vegetables are transported on the back of countless motorcycles. Although Vietnam's huge cities are rapidly transforming into modern Asian metropolises, traditional culture is never far away.
Trekking Vietnam is an ideal way to enjoy and experience beautiful nature of Vietnam, from the yellow farmers' terraces in harvesting season of the north (Sa Pa), to the off-the-beaten-path Central Highlands, or the frenetic activity of the Mekong Delta in the south.
Chinese chess (cờ tướng) is a popular game in Vietnam, and you will often notice the elderly having games in the public parks. If you know how to play, this can be an opportunity to befriend the locals. A uniquely Vietnamese tradition pertaining to Chinese chess is human chess (cờ người), typically played at temple and village festivals during Tết. As the name suggests, the pieces are played by humans dressed in traditional Vietnamese costumes, usually with 16 teenage boys on one side and 16 teenage girls on the other, and a choreographed traditional martial arts fight between the two pieces always ensues whenever a piece is captured.
Retreats, spas, meditation and yoga are popular in Vietnam, with Hoi An in particular becoming a hub for like-minded individuals.
thumb|Gỏi cuốn fresh spring rolls, cao lầu noodles (a specialty of [[Hoi An), nước mắm dipping sauce and local beer]] thumb|Bánh mì: French baguette stuffed with pâté, herbs and pickles
Food is at the very core of Vietnamese culture: every significant holiday on the Vietnamese cultural calendar, all the important milestones in a Vietnamese person's life, and indeed, most of the important day-to-day social events and interactions - food plays a central role in each. Special dishes are prepared and served with great care for every birth, marriage and death, and the anniversaries of ancestors' deaths. More business deals are struck over dinner tables than over boardroom tables, and when friends get together, they eat together. Preparing food and eating together remains the focus of family life.
越南社會主義共和國(越南语:Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam, , 共和社會主義越南),通稱越南(越南语:Việt Nam),是位於东南亚的中南半島東端的社会主义国家,北邻中國,西接柬埔寨和老挝,拥有超過9,600万人口,位居世界第15名。越南的首都是河内市,最大城市是胡志明市。越南政治上採一黨專政,執政黨越南共產黨是目前越南境内唯一的合法政党。越南是汉字文化圈诸国之一,同时也是東南亞國家聯盟、世界贸易组织、亚洲太平洋经济合作组织、法语圈国际组织成員及未来11国之一。 越南北部古為百越,南部为占婆。前111年南越国被汉朝灭亡后,越南北部被置于中國皇朝統治之下达数个世纪之久。在此期间,中國文化大量输入越南。10世纪越南摆脱中国统治正式建国,其后经历多个朝代,有分有合,15世纪时曾经被明朝直接统治20多年。19世纪中晚期,法国征服越南,对越施行殖民统治。1945年8月,越南独立同盟会发动八月革命,宣布越南独立。1954年,越南独立同盟会在奠边府战役中打败法国军队,迫使法国势力撤离并承认越南独立,随后的日内瓦会议约定以北纬17度线为界两越分立,北方由越南民主共和国(北越)统治,南方则先后建立了越南国及越南共和国(南越)。翌年越南战争爆发,由西方阵营国家支持的南越对抗东方阵营国家支持的北越。美国在战争中蒙受严重损失,逐步退出战场。1975年4月30日,北越攻占南越首都西贡,1976年国家统一。 1977年,越南加入联合国。越南统一后,仍面临着经济落后的问题。1986年越共领导层决定实施革新开放,从单一的计划经济,开放为市场经济,并发展多元化商品经济,此后经济形势开始好转。冷战结束后,越南經濟快速发展,并逐渐摆脱外交困境,1995年加入东盟,1998年加入亚太經合會,2007年加入世界貿易組織。但越南仍在贫富差距和医疗卫生方面面临着诸多问题,亦有西方国家批评越南的人权状况,与邻国中华人民共和国的领土争端问题亦再次显现。
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Yelp and Tripadvisor are not widely used by locals in Vietnam, and reviews on those directories are usually posted by tourists. Foody is the go-to restaurant rating directory for the Vietnamese, and also functions as a food delivery and restaurant reservation app. While the interface is available in English, the downside is that almost all reviews are in Vietnamese.
Vietnamese cuisine varies from region to region, with many regions having their own specialties. Generally, northern Vietnamese cuisine is known for being subtle, central Vietnamese cuisine is known for being spicy, while southern Vietnamese cuisine is known for being sweet. There is also distinctive Vietnamese-Chinese cuis…
Drinking in a Vietnamese bar is a great experience. One of the interesting things is that during the day, it is almost impossible to see a bar anywhere. Once the sun goes down though, dozens appear on the streets out of nowhere.
Watch out for ice in drinks. Factory-made ice is generally safe, but anything else can be suspect. Factory ice has a hollow, cylindrical shape. Avoid irregular chunks of ice as it may be unclean.
thumb|Night in Hanoi, over Hoan Kiem Lake Lodging is not an issue in Vietnam, even if you are travelling on a tight budget. Accommodation in Vietnam ranges from 100,000-dong dorm accommodation in hostels to world-class resorts, both in large cities and in popular coastal and rural destinations. Even backpacking hostels and budget hotels are far cleaner and nicer than in neighboring countries (Cambodia, Thailand, Laos). And even cheap hotels that charge as little as 250,000 dong for a double room are often very clean and equipped with towels, clean white sheets, soap, disposable toothbrushes and so on.
Service in many of the very inexpensive hotels is quite good (since the rate that a person pays per night could equal a typical Vietnamese national's weekly pay), although daily cleaning and modern amenities like television may not be provided. In hotels costing a few dollars more (300,000+ dong, more in Hanoi) you can expect an en-suite bath, telephone, AC and television. As with hotels elsewhere in the world, mini-refrigerators in Vietnamese hotels are often stocked with drinks and snacks, but these can be horribly overpriced. You are much better off buying such items on the street. Adequate plumbing can be a problem in some hotels, but the standard is constantly improving.
It is a legal requirement that all hotels register the details of foreign guests with the local police. For this reason they will always ask for your passport when you check in. The process usually only t…
Vietnam has made a huge leap forward in terms of economic development and tourism, and many of the most feared annoyances are minor concerns. Vietnam is still a poor country, though. Tourists are considered money mules, and milking them is no crime. Nevertheless, outside of tourist hotspots, crime and scams against foreigners are rare.
Tropical diseases such as malaria, dengue fever and Japanese encephalitis are endemic in rural Vietnam. Malaria isn't as much a concern in the bigger cities such as Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi, but always remember to take liquid mosquito repellent with you. It may be very useful, especially in the countryside and crowded neighborhoods.
Street food, including blended ice drinks, and food in restaurants is mostly safe to be consumed due to much improved hygiene. Vietnamese are very clean people, there are bins everywhere and interiors/floors are mostly tiled. Use common sense and follow the tips under the Traveller's diarrhea article and you will be fine.
Tap water is not safe to drink.
Contact lens solution is seldomly sold by pharmacies. You will have to find to specialised lens store or an optometrist to get it.
In traditional Vietnamese culture, elders are treated with great deference and respect. While expectations are more relaxed when foreigners are involved, it's a good idea to show politeness, respect and restraint towards those who look older than you.
It's common to be stared at by locals in some regions, especially in the rural areas outside of big cities, and in the central and northern parts of the country. Southerners are usually more used to foreigners. Wherever you are, though, expect some probing questions whenever a conversation starts: How old are you? Are you married? Do you have children? While these might seem nosy in the West, they're perfectly normal, good-natured questions here that help people determine how they should address you. The best thing to do is just play along. You probably don't know much about their culture; it's only fair that locals wouldn't know much about yours.
An Asian woman travelling with a non-Asian man may attract unwanted attention. As of April 2019 these prejudices have almost completely disappeared, but some assumptions linger — rooted partly in memories of the American War era — and she may occasionally be treated dismissively or spoken to rudely. A more common experience today is simply that locals will assume she is Vietnamese and address her in Vietnamese rather than English, regardless of where she's actually from.
All couples should be aware that public displays of affection are generally considered disrespectful in Vietnam, …
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