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wind

thumb|upright=1.35|Cherry tree moving with the wind blowing about 22 m/sec (about 79 km/h or 49 mph) thumb|Sound of wind blowing in a pine forest at around 25 m/sec, with Wind gust|gust alterations Wind is the natural movement of air or other gases relative to a planet's surface. Winds occur on a range of scales, from thunderstorm flows lasting tens of minutes, to local breezes generated by heating of land surfaces and lasting a few hours, to global winds resulting from the difference in absorption of solar energy between the climate zones on Earth. The study of wind is called anemology.

AI overview

Wind is the natural movement of air across a planet's surface, occurring at many different scales—from brief thunderstorm gusts to local breezes lasting hours to large global wind patterns. Winds matter because they're driven by differences in how much solar energy different parts of Earth absorb, making them a fundamental part of how our planet's atmosphere and weather systems work.

AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.

Research

35,660 papers

[Wind Turbine Noise and Health Effects].ReviewNihon eiseigaku zasshi. Japanese journal of hygiene · 2018Ishitake TDOI: 10.1265/jjh.73.298
Wind energy and insects: reviewing the state of knowledge and identifying potential interactions.ReviewPeerJ · 2024Weschler M, Tronstad LDOI: 10.7717/peerj.18153
Large-scale wind power grid integration challenges and their solution: a detailed review.ReviewEnvironmental science and pollution research international · 2023Mastoi MS, Zhuang S, Haris M et al.DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29653-9
'Wind turbine syndrome': fact or fiction?ReviewThe Journal of laryngology and otology · 2013Farboud A, Crunkhorn R, Trinidade ADOI: 10.1017/S0022215112002964
Wind and small mammals are complementary fungal dispersers.Ecology · 2023Borgmann-Winter BW, Stephens RB, Anthony MA et al.DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4039
Wind, Waves, and Surface Currents: Interactions at Mesoscales and Submesoscales.ReviewAnnual review of marine science · 2026Gille ST, Ardhuin F, Bôas ABVDOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-040323-034908
Review: Wind impacts on plant growth, mechanics and damage.ReviewPlant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology · 2016Gardiner B, Berry P, Moulia BDOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.01.006
Levelized cost of offshore wind power in China.ReviewEnvironmental science and pollution research international · 2021Xu Y, Yang K, Yuan JDOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12382-2

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Wikidata facts

Image: Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1990-0206-324, Berlin, Passanten im Wind.jpg

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Commons category: Wind
Commons gallery: Wind
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~47 min read

Article

35 sections

Contents

Causes
Measurement
Models
Wind force scale
Enhanced Fujita scale
Station model
Global climatology
Tropics
Westerlies and their impact
Polar easterlies
Local considerations
Sea and land breezes
Near mountains
Shear
In civilization
Religion
History
Transportation
Power source
Metallurgy
Recreation
In the natural world
Erosion
Desert dust migration
Effect on plants
Effect on animals
Related damage
In outer space
Planetary wind
Solar wind
On other planets
See also
References
Further reading
External links

The two main causes of large-scale atmospheric circulation are the differential heating between the equator and the poles, and the rotation of the planet, which is called the Coriolis effect. Within the tropics and subtropics, thermal low circulations over terrain and high plateaus can drive monsoon circulations. In coastal areas the sea breeze/land breeze cycle can define local winds; in areas that have variable terrain, mountain and valley breezes can prevail.