Young Turks
political reform movement in the Ottoman Empire
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The Young Turks were a political reform movement in the Ottoman Empire that sought to modernize and strengthen the declining empire. The movement matters historically because it drove significant political changes in the Ottoman state during a period of crisis and transformation.
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Flag of the Young Turk Revolution Top Left: Hürriyet (Freedom), Top Right: Adalet (Justice), Bottom Left: Müsavat (Equality), Bottom Right: Uhuvvet (Brotherhood), Middle Right: İttihat (Union) A lithograph celebrating the Young Turk Revolution featuring the sources of inspiration of the movement, Midhat Pasha, Prince Sabahaddin, Deli Fuad Pasha and Namık Kemal, military leaders Niyazi Bey and Enver Pasha, and the slogan "Liberty, equality, fraternity" (hürriyet, müsavat, uhuvvet in Turkish, ελευθερία, ισότης, αδελφότης in Greek)
The Young Turks (Ottoman Turkish: ژون تركلر, romanized: Jön Türkler, also كنج تركلر Genç Türkler) were a broad opposition movement in the late Ottoman Empire to the absolutist régime of Sultan Abdul Hamid II (r. 1876–1909). The most powerful organisation within the movement, and the most conflated, was the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP, founded in 1889), though its ideology, strategies, and membership continuously changed. By the 1890s, the Young Turks were mainly a loose and contentious network of exiled intelligentsia who made a living by selling their newspapers to secret subscribers. Beyond opposition, exiled writers and sociologists debated Turkey's place in the East–West dichotomy.