Azepanes

Azelastine, sold under the brand name Astelin among others, is a H1 receptor-blocking medication primarily used as a nasal spray to treat allergic rhinitis (hay fever) and as eye drops for allergic conjunctivitis. Other uses may include asthma and skin rashes for which it is taken by mouth. Onset of effects is within minutes when used in the eyes and within an hour when used in the nose. Effects last for up to 12 hours.

Azepane is the organic compound with the formula (CH2)6NH. It is a colorless liquid. A cyclic secondary amine, it is a precursor to several drugs and pesticides. It is produced by partial hydrogenolysis of hexamethylene diamine.

Besifloxacin (INN/USAN) is a fourth-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic. The marketed compound is besifloxacin hydrochloride. It was developed by SSP Co. Ltd., Japan, and designated SS734. SSP licensed U.S. and European rights to SS734 for ophthalmic use to InSite Vision Incorporated () in 2000. InSite Vision developed an eye drop formulation (ISV-403) and conducted preliminary clinical trials before selling the product and all rights to Bausch & Lomb in 2003.

Epinastine (brand names Alesion, Elestat, Purivist, Relestat) is a second-generation antihistamine and mast cell stabilizer that is used in eye drops to treat allergic conjunctivitis. It is produced by Allergan and marketed by Inspire in the United States. It is highly selective for the H1 receptor and does not cross the blood-brain-barrier.

Tolazamide is an oral blood glucose lowering drug used for people with Type 2 diabetes. It is part of the sulfonylurea family (ATC A10BB).

Bazedoxifene, used as bazedoxifene acetate, is a medication for bone problems and possibly (pending more study) for cancer. It is a third-generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Since late 2013 it has had U.S. FDA approval for bazedoxifene as part of the combination drug Duavee in the prevention (not treatment) of postmenopausal osteoporosis. It is also being studied for possible treatment of breast cancer and pancreatic cancer.

Mecillinam (INN) or amdinocillin (USAN) is an extended-spectrum penicillin antibiotic of the amidinopenicillin class that binds specifically to penicillin binding protein 2 (PBP2), and is only considered to be active against Gram-negative bacteria. It is used primarily in the treatment of urinary tract infections, and has also been used to treat typhoid and paratyphoid fever. Because mecillinam has very low oral bioavailability, an orally active prodrug was developed: pivmecillinam.

Pivmecillinam (INN), or amdinocillin pivoxil (USAN), sold under the brand name Selexid and Pivya among others, is an orally active prodrug of mecillinam, an extended-spectrum penicillin antibiotic. Pivmecillinam is the pivaloyloxymethyl ester of mecillinam.

Meptazinol, sold under the brand name Meptid, is an opioid analgesic developed by Wyeth in the 1970s. Indications for use in moderate to severe pain, most commonly used to treat pain in obstetrics (childbirth).

Glisoxepide (INN) is an orally available anti-diabetic drug from the group of sulfonylureas. It belongs to second-generation sulfonylureas.

Telcagepant (INN; development code MK-0974) is a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist which was an investigational drug for the acute treatment and prevention of migraine, developed by Merck & Co.

Rhoeadine (rheadine) is an alkaloid derived from the flowers of the corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas). It has been studied for its potential use in the treatment of morphine dependence.

Proheptazine is an opioid analgesic related to pethidine. It was invented in the 1960s.

Cetiedil is a vasodilator and an anti-sickling agent. ==Synthesis== [[File:Cetiedil synthesis.svg|thumb|center|550px|Thieme Original patents: Prepn and activity: Revised synthesis: Analogues:]] The Clemmensen reduction of 3-thienylcyclohexyl-glycolic acid, CID:11064522 (1) gives cyclohexyl(thiophen-3-yl)acetic acid [16199-74-9] (2). Esterification of the sodium salt of the resulting acid with 1-(2-chloroethyl)azepane [2205-31-4] (3) produces cetiedil (4). == References ==

4-Phenylazepane, also known as phenazepane, is a chemical compound.

Talipexole (B-HT920, Domnin) is a dopamine agonist that is marketed as a treatment for Parkinson's disease in Japan by Boehringer Ingelheim; it was introduced in 1996. As of December 2014 it was not approved for marketing in the US nor in Europe.

Setastine (Loderix) is an antihistamine used to treat allergies and rhinitis.