Enlightenment philosophers

German writer, artist, natural scientist and politician (1749–1832)

François-Marie Arouet (; 21 November 169430 May 1778), known by his pen name Voltaire (, ; ), was a French Enlightenment writer, philosopher (philosophe), satirist, and historian. Famous for his wit and his criticism of Christianity (especially of the Catholic Church) and of slavery, Voltaire was an advocate of freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and separation of church and state.

German philosopher (1724-1804)

French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist (1596–1650)

Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer (1712-1778)

president of the United States from 1801 to 1809 (1743–1826)

Scottish moral philosopher and political economist (1723–1790)

English philosopher and physician (1632-1704)

German mathematician and philosopher (1646–1716)

German philosopher and theologian (1770–1831)

German playwright, poet, philosopher and historian (1759–1805)

Dutch philosopher (1632-1677)

Scottish philosopher, economist, and historian (1711-1776)

Charles Louis de Secondat, baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu (18 January 168910 February 1755), generally referred to as simply Montesquieu, was a French judge, intellectual, historian, and political philosopher.

English poet and civil servant (1608–1674)

French Enlightenment philosopher writer and encyclopædist (1713–1784)

American Founding Father, philosopher, and political activist (1737–1809)

English writer and intellectual (1759–1797)

French mathematician, mechanician, physicist, philosopher and music theorist (1717-1783)

Russian polymath (1711-1765)

Irish idealist philosopher and Anglican bishop (1685–1753)

German writer, philosopher, publicist, and art critic (1729-1781)

German philosopher, theologian, poet (1744–1803)

Prussian philosopher, government official, diplomat, and educator (1767–1835)

English chemist, theologian, educator, and political theorist (1733–1804)

Swedish 18th century scientist and theologian (1688-1772)

German-born French philosopher (1723–1789)

German scientist and satirist (1742-1799)

Italian philosopher, rhetorician, historian and jurist

French philosopher; (1715-1771)

English journalist, political philosopher and novelist

French philosopher, mathematician, and political scientist (1743-1794)

French philosopher and writer (1647–1706)

German theologian, philosopher, and biblical scholar (1768-1834)

French physician and philosopher

King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1764-1795)

German-Jewish philosopher and theologian (1729–1786)

Bohemian mathematician and priest (1781–1848)

German philosopher (1679–1754)

German poet and writer (1733–1813)

jurist, philosopher and politician from Italy (1738-1794)

French philosopher

Danish-Norwegian writer, philosopher and historian (1684–1754)

Ukrainian philosopher (1722–1794)

German philosopher and founder of the Illuminati (1748–1830)

French academic

18th century Russian author and social critic

Prince of Moldavia

Scottish philosopher (1694–1746)

Irish philosopher (1670-1722)

Greek humanist scholar (1748–1833)

Scottish philosopher and historian; (1723-1816)

Scottish philosopher (1710–1796)

German philosopher (1632–1694)

English politician and Earl (1671-1713)

German philosopher (1655-1728)

French philosopher, historian, and writer (1709–1785)

Polish poet, dramatist (1700-1773)

English philosopher

Spanish neoclassical statesman, author, philosopher (1744-1811)