Cesare Beccaria
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Cesare Beccaria was an Italian jurist, philosopher, and politician (1738-1794) who became influential through his ideas about law and justice. His work matters because he challenged harsh legal practices of his time and helped shape modern thinking about how criminal justice systems should operate.
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Cesare Beccaria Bonesana, Marquis of Gualdrasco and Villareggio ( Italian: [ˈtʃeːzare bekkaˈriːa, ˈtʃɛː-]; 15 March 1738 – 28 November 1794) was an Italian criminologist, jurist, philosopher, economist, and politician. He is well remembered for his treatise On Crimes and Punishments (1764), which condemned torture and the death penalty, and was a founding work in the field of penology and the classical school of criminology. Beccaria is considered the father of modern criminal law and the father of criminal justice.
According to John Bessler, Beccaria's works had a profound influence on the Founding Fathers of the United States.