Genetics techniques

A karyotype is the general appearance of the complete set of chromosomes in the cells of a species or in an individual organism, mainly including their sizes, numbers, and shapes. Karyotyping is the process by which a karyotype is discerned by determining the chromosome complement of an individual, including the number of chromosomes and any abnormalities. thumb|Micrographic karyogram of human male using [[Giemsa staining]] thumb|Schematic karyogram demonstrating the basic knowledge needed to read a karyotype A karyogram or idiogram is a graphical depiction of a karyotype, wherein chromosomes

chemical compound

DNA molecules formed by laboratory methods

use of large set of oligonucleotide probes

insertion of recombinant DNA molecules, by means of a replicating vehicle, into recipient cells without altering their viability

medical testing related to genetic disorders

class of enzymes

thumb|200px|3′ to 5′ Exonuclease associated with Pol I

DNA isolated from ancient specimens

gene or DNA sequence with a known location on a chromosome that can be used to identify individuals or species

diagram used to predict the possible outcomes of a breeding experiment, and their respective likelihoods

bacteriophage

two rules about the percentage of A, C, G, and T in DNA strands

thumb|425x170 px|Left: Unbound aptamer. Right: the aptamer bound to its target protein. The protein is in yellow. Parts of the aptamer that change shape when it binds its target are in blue, while the unchanging parts are in orange. The parts of the aptamer that contact the protein are highlighted in red.

chemical compound

marker gene used in reporter systems

single tube technique for the amplification of DNA

genetic technique that uses homologous recombination to change an endogenous gene

laboratory technique to detect nucleic acids

DNA-based genetic test

isolation of DNA

folding of DNA to create two- and three-dimensional shapes at the nanoscale

way to propagate genes throughout a population

genetic modification technique

A piece of DNA or RNA that is radioactively or fluorescently labeled for diagnostic tests.

Bromodeoxyuridine ('''5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine, BrdU, BUdR, BrdUrd, broxuridine''') is a synthetic nucleoside analogue with a chemical structure similar to thymidine. BrdU is commonly used to study cell proliferation in living tissues and has been studied as a radiosensitizer and diagnostic tool in people with cancer.

phenomenon in molecular biology

molecular biology technique

A scientific instrument used to automate the DNA sequencing process

chemical compound

small piece of DNA that can be stably maintained in an organism for cloning

group of techniques to detect a particular nucleic acid sequence

silver staining technique for visualizing nervous tissue under light microscopy

technique for protein detection

Genotyping is the process of determining differences in the genetic make-up (genotype) of an individual by examining the individual's DNA sequence using biological assays and comparing it to another individual's sequence or a reference sequence. It reveals the alleles an individual has inherited from their parents. Traditionally genotyping is the use of DNA sequences to define biological populations by use of molecular tools. It does not usually involve defining the genes of an individual.

proposed methods for restricting the use of GMOs to only activate in response to a given stimulus.

genetic engineering method

assembly constructed from DNA which produces quasi-mechanical output in response to specific stimuli, pioneered by Nadrian Seeman at NYU

products of reactions that add extraneous groups to DNA

trademark

fully artificial DNA production method based on solid-phase DNA synthesis

plasmid specifically used for protein expression in the target

molecular biology technique for determining protein-nucleic acid interactions in vitro

DNA screening technique

thumb|An amplicon sequence template that has been prepared for amplification. The target sequence to be amplified is colored green. In molecular biology, an amplicon is a piece of DNA that is the source and/or product of amplification or replication events. It can be formed artificially, using various methods including polymerase chain reactions (PCR) or ligase chain reactions (LCR), or naturally through gene duplication. In this context, amplification refers to the production of one or more copies of a genetic fragment or target sequence, specifically the amplicon. As it refers to the product

dense cluser of restriction sites in DNA

detection of all mRNA molecules produced in a cell or organism

isothermic nucleic acid amplification test technology

DNA region at which restriction enzymes cleave

simple language

thumb|307x307px|Synthetic Biology Open Language (SBOL) standard visual symbols for use with BioBricks Standard BioBrick parts are DNA sequences which conform to a restriction-enzyme assembly standard. These building blocks are used to design and assemble larger synthetic biological circuits from individual parts and combinations of parts with defined functions, which would then be incorporated into living cells such as Escherichia coli cells to construct new biological systems. Examples of BioBrick parts include promoters, ribosomal binding sites (RBS), coding sequences and terminators.

site-specific recombinase technology

purification of RNA from biological samples

use of silver, usually silver nitrate, as a reagent for producing contrast or coloration in tissue specimens

laboratory technique for separation of DNA

technique providing the sequence of an RNA transcript from a small known sequence

Biological method of DNA extraction

Gene used for artificial selection

molecular biology technique