Tetrahydropyridines

MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) is an organic compound. It is classified as a tetrahydropyridine. It is of interest as a precursor to the monoaminergic neurotoxin MPP+, which causes permanent symptoms of Parkinson's disease by destroying dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain. It has been used to study disease models in various animals.

Droperidol (Inapsine, Droleptan, Dridol, Xomolix, Innovar [combination with fentanyl]) is an antidopaminergic drug used as an antiemetic (that is, to prevent or treat nausea) and as an antipsychotic. Droperidol is also often used as a rapid sedative in intensive-care treatment, and where "agitation aggression or violent behavior" are present.

Arecoline is a cholinergic agent, stimulant, and naturally occurring alkaloid found in areca (betel) nuts of the areca palm (Areca catechu) found in South and Southeast Asia. Its effects, depending on the dose, include stimulation, alertness, increased concentration, cognitive enhancement, elation, euphoria, pro-sexual effects, relaxation, reduced anxiety, and sedation, as well as addiction and withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuation. Its effects are described as subtle and it has been likened to a strong cup of coffee. There are also other active constituents of areca nuts, but arecoline is

Xanomeline (developmental code name LY-246,708) is a small molecule muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist that was synthesized in a collaboration between Eli Lilly and Novo Nordisk as an investigational therapeutic being studied for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders.

Indicaxanthin is a type of betaxanthin, a plant pigment present in beets, in Mirabilis jalapa flowers, in cacti such as prickly pears (Opuntia sp.) or the red dragonfruit (Hylocereus costaricensis). It is a powerful antioxidant.

GTS-21 (also known as DMXBA or DMBX-anabaseine) is an investigational new drug being studied for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders, as well as for its potential to enhance memory and cognitive function. Despite study of the molecule since 1990s, as of 2025 it has not been shown to be effective in clinical trials.

Xaliproden (codenamed SR57746) is a drug which acts as a 5HT1A agonist. It has neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects in vitro, and has been proposed for use in the treatment of several neurodegenerative conditions including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Alzheimer's disease.

chemical compound

Lurbinectedin, sold under the brand name Zepzelca, is a medication used for the treatment of small cell lung cancer.

Alvameline (Lu 25-109) is a M1 receptor agonist and M2/M3 receptor antagonist that was under investigation for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, but produced poor results in clinical trials and was subsequently discontinued.

Alschomine is an indole alkaloid first identified in the leaves of Alstonia scholaris in 1989.

Tazomeline (LY-287,041) is a drug which acts as a non-selective muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. It was in clinical trials for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction such as that seen in Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia, but development was apparently scrapped for unknown reasons. Another of the patented uses is for the treatment of "severe painful conditions".

Milameline (CI-979, PD-129,409, RU-35,926) is a non-selective muscarinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist with cognition-acting properties that was being investigated for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, but produced poor results in clinical trials and was subsequently discontinued.

CP-93129 is a drug which acts as a potent and selective serotonin 5-HT1B receptor agonist, with approximately 150-fold and 200-fold selectivity over the closely related serotonin 5-HT1D and 5-HT1A receptors. It is used in the study of 5-HT1B receptors in the brain, particularly their role in modulating the release of other neurotransmitters. It produces antiaggressive effects in rodents.

combination drug

Piperlongumine (also called piplartine or piperlongumin) is an amide alkaloid constituent of the fruit of the long pepper (Piper longum), a pepper plant found in southern India and southeast Asia. When extracted, piperlongumine may cause skin, eye or respiratory tract irritation.

Posizolid is an oxazolidinone antibiotic under investigation by AstraZeneca for the treatment of bacterial infections. At a concentration of 2 mg/L it inhibited 98% of all Gram-positive bacteria tested in vitro.

Menabitan (INN: SP-204) is a synthetic drug which acts as a potent cannabinoid receptor agonist. It is closely related to natural cannabinoids of the tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) group, differing mainly by its longer and branched side chain, and the replacement of the 9-position carbon with a nitrogen. It is a structural analog of nabitan and dimethylheptylpyran. It was studied as an analgesic in the 1970s and was found to possess analgesic effects in both humans and animals but was never marketed.