acute respiratory distress syndrome
Also known as ARDS, Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema (disorder), Shock lung, adult RDS, Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome, ARDS, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult
human disease
Key facts
- Other names
- Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), adult respiratory distress syndrome, shock lung, wet lung
- Specialty
- Critical care medicine
- Symptoms
- Shortness of breath , rapid breathing , bluish skin coloration , chest pain , loss of speech
- Complications
- Blood clots, Collapsed lung (pneumothorax), Infections, Scarring (pulmonary fibrosis)
- Usual onset
- Within a week
- Diagnostic method
- Adults : PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio of less than 300 mm Hg , Children : oxygenation index > 4
- Differential diagnosis
- Heart failure
- Treatment
- Mechanical ventilation , ECMO
- Prognosis
- 35–46% risk of death
- Frequency
- 3 million per year
via Wikipedia infobox
Research
68,483 papers~27 min read
Article
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a type of respiratory failure characterized by rapid onset of widespread inflammation in the lungs. Symptoms include shortness of breath (dyspnea), rapid breathing (tachypnea), and bluish skin coloration (cyanosis). For those who survive, a decreased quality of life is common.
Causes may include sepsis, pancreatitis, trauma, pneumonia, and aspiration. The underlying mechanism involves diffuse injury to cells which form the barrier of the microscopic air sacs of the lungs, surfactant dysfunction, activation of the immune system, and dysfunction of the body's regulation of blood clotting. In effect, ARDS impairs the lungs' ability to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. Adult diagnosis is based on a PaO2/FiO2 ratio (ratio of partial pressure arterial oxygen and fraction of inspired oxygen) of less than 300 mm Hg despite a positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of more than 5 cm H2O. Cardiogenic pulmonary edema, as the cause, must be excluded.