Arthur Cayley
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Arthur Cayley was an English mathematician who lived from 1821 to 1895 and made significant contributions to his field during the nineteenth century. His work helped establish foundations in abstract mathematics that continue to influence the discipline today.
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Arthur Cayley (/ˈkeɪli/; 16 August 1821 – 26 January 1895) was an English mathematician who worked mostly on algebra. He helped found the modern British school of pure mathematics, and was a professor at Trinity College, Cambridge for 35 years.
He postulated what is now known as the Cayley–Hamilton theorem—that every square matrix is a root of its own characteristic polynomial, and verified it for matrices of order 2 and 3. He was the first to define the concept of an abstract group, a set with a binary operation satisfying certain laws, as opposed to Évariste Galois' concept of permutation groups. In group theory, Cayley tables, Cayley graphs, and Cayley's theorem are named in his honour, as well as Cayley's formula in combinatorics.
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1821 births1895 deaths19th-century English mathematiciansAlgebraic geometersAlumni of Trinity College, CambridgeBritish fellows of the Royal SocietyCayley familyDe Morgan MedallistsFellows of the American Academy of Arts and SciencesFellows of Trinity College, CambridgeForeign associates of the National Academy of SciencesGraph theorists