File:Humayun_and_Babur_(Late_Shah_Jahan_Album)_Babur_detail.jpg · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons

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Babur

Also known as Zahīr ud-Dīn Muhammad Bābur, Zahir-ud-din Muhammad, Baber, Ẓahīr al-Dīn, Emperor of Hindustan Muḥammad Bābar, Zahir al-Din Muhammad, Babar, Firdaws Makani

Babur (, ; 14 February 148326 December 1530; born Zahīr ud-Dīn Muhammad) was the founder of the Mughal Empire in the Indian subcontinent. He was a descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan through his father and mother respectively. He was also given the posthumous name of Firdaws Makani ('Dwelling in Paradise').

OverviewAI-generated

Babur was a male monarch, poet, autobiographer, and writer belonging to the Mughal dynasty. Born in Andijan in 1483, he was the son of Umar Shaikh Mirza II and Qutlugh Nigar Khanum. He practiced Islam and held the noble title of sultan. His notable work is the Baburnama. He had four children: Mirza Hindal, Gulbadan Begum, Humayun, and Kamran Mirza.

Babur died in Agra in 1530 and is buried in the Gardens of Babur. He was married to Aisha Sultan Begum, Mubarika Yusufzai, Maham Begum, and Masuma Sultan Begum. His name in his native language is written as ظهیرالدین مُحمَّد بابُر. He is described by sources including the Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia, Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary, The Nuttall Encyclopædia, and the Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition.

Synthesized by Vinony from 35 facts across 6 sources: Wikidata, Crossref, Last.fm, Wikiquote, Open Library, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

Person · Open Library

Born: 1483
Died: 1530
Works: 67

Top works

Baburnâme
A Bábur-náme miniatúrái
Baber-nameh diagataice ad fidem codicis petropolitani edidit N. Ilminiski
Risolai Volidii͡a
Vekayi

via Open Library + Wikidata

Listeners · Last.fm

Listeners: 58
Total plays: 148

Similar artists

ShikriwalHARJAS HARJAAYITEESRI DUNIYAAnkith GuptaMOHIT

via Last.fm · babur

Recent publications · Crossref

5 total works indexed

2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of endocarditis
· 2023 · cited 1,615x
Pathway Commons, a web resource for biological pathway data
· 2010 · cited 951x
Integrative Analysis Identifies Four Molecular and Clinical Subsets in Uveal Melanoma
· 2017 · cited 783x
The BioPAX community standard for pathway data sharing
· 2010 · cited 579x
The Human Tumor Atlas Network: Charting Tumor Transitions across Space and Time at Single-Cell Resolution
· 2020 · cited 550x

via Crossref · CC0

Quotes

“My own soul is my most faithful friend. My own heart, my truest confidant.”
“[Hindustan] is a wonderful country. Compared with our countries it is a different world ; its mountains, rivers, jungles and deserts, its towns, its cultivated lands, its animals and plants, its peoples and their tongues, its rains, and its winds, are all different. ...Once the water of Sind is crossed, everything is in the Hindustan way, land, water, tree, rock, people and horde, opinion and custom.”
“In AH 934 (AD 1528), I attacked Chanderî and, by the grace of Allãh, captured it in a few hours… We got the infidels slaughtered and the place which had been a dãru’l-harb for years, was made into a dãru’l-Islãm.”
“Baburnama, Translated by S.A.A. Rizvi included in Mughal Kãlîna Bhãrata: Bãbur, Aligarh, 1960, p. 167”

via Wikiquote · CC BY-SA

Key facts

Royalty.image: Humayun and Babur (Late Shah Jahan Album) Babur detail.jpg
Royalty.image_size: 300
Royalty.alt: Babur
Royalty.name: Babur ببر
Royalty.title: Ghazi
Royalty.caption: Portrait of Babur in the Late Shah Jahan Album, painted . Smithsonian Collections.
Royalty.succession: Mughal Emperor (Padishah)
Royalty.predecessor: Position established Ibrahim Lodi (as Sultan of Delhi)
Royalty.successor: Humayun
Royalty.succession1: Emir of Kabul
Royalty.reign1: October 1504 – 21 April 1526
Royalty.predecessor1: Mukim Beg
Royalty.successor1: Himself as the Mughal Emperor
Royalty.succession2: Emir of Fergana
Royalty.reign2: 10 June 1494 – February 1497
Royalty.successor2: Jahangir Mirza II
Royalty.predecessor2: Umar Shaikh Mirza II
Royalty.succession3: Emir of Samarkand

via Wikipedia infobox

~33 min read

Encyclopedic overview

24 sections

Contents

Name
Background
Ruler of Central Asia
As Timurid ruler of Fergana
At Kabul
Foreign relations
Formation of the Mughal Empire
First Battle of Panipat
Battle of Khanwa
Battle of Chanderi
Battle of Ghaghra
Religious policy
Personal life and relationships
Poetry
Family
Consorts
Issue
Death and legacy
Citations
References
Secondary sources
Primary sources
Further reading
External links

Born in Andijan in the Fergana Valley (now in Uzbekistan), Babur was the eldest son of Umar Shaikh Mirza II (1456–1494, Timurid governor of Fergana from 1469 to 1494) and a great-great-great-grandson of Timur (1336–1405). Babur ascended the throne of Fergana in its capital Akhsikath in 1494 at the age of twelve and faced rebellion. He conquered Samarkand two years later, only to lose Fergana soon after. In his attempt to reconquer Fergana, he lost control of Samarkand. In 1501, his attempt to recapture both the regions failed when the Uzbek prince Muhammad Shaybani defeated him and founded the Khanate of Bukhara.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “Babur” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.