barbital
Sign in to saveBarbital (or barbitone), sold under the brand names Veronal for the pure acid and Medinal for the sodium salt, was the first commercially available barbiturate. It was used as a sleeping aid (hypnotic) from 1903 until the mid-1950s. The chemical names for barbital are diethylmalonyl urea or diethylbarbituric acid; hence, the sodium salt is known also as sodium diethylbarbiturate.
Key facts
- Drug.verifiedrevid
- 443412703
- Drug.class
- Barbiturate
- Drug.IUPAC_name
- 5,5-diethylpyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione
- Drug.image
- Barbital.svg
- Drug.image_class
- skin-invert-image
- Drug.width
- 120
- Drug.image2
- Barbital ball-and-stick.png
- Drug.image_class2
- bg-transparent
- Drug.tradename
- Veronal, Medinal
- Drug.MedlinePlus
- a682221
- Drug.legal_BR
- B1
- Drug.legal_CA
- Schedule IV
- Drug.legal_US
- Schedule IV
- Drug.legal_DE
- Anlage III
- Drug.routes_of_administration
- By mouth
- Drug.elimination_half life
- 30.3 (± 3.2) hours
- Drug.CAS_number
- 57-44-3
- Drug.ATC_prefix
- N05
via Wikipedia infobox
Article
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- Synthesis
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- Pharmacology
- pH buffer
- Poisoning
- In fiction
- References
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Barbital (or barbitone), sold under the brand names Veronal for the pure acid and Medinal for the sodium salt, was the first commercially available barbiturate. It was used as a sleeping aid (hypnotic) from 1903 until the mid-1950s. The chemical names for barbital are diethylmalonyl urea or diethylbarbituric acid; hence, the sodium salt is known also as sodium diethylbarbiturate.
==Synthesis== Barbital, then called "Veronal", was first synthesized in 1902 by German chemists Emil Fischer and Joseph von Mering, who published their discovery in 1903. Barbital was prepared by condensing diethylmalonic ester with urea in the presence of sodium ethoxide, or by adding at least two molar equivalents of ethyl iodide to the silver salt of malonylurea (barbituric acid) or possibly to a basic solution of the acid. The result was an odorless, slightly bitter, white crystalline powder.