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行動主義心理学
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Behaviorism is a systematic approach to understanding the behavior of humans and other animals. It assumes that behavior is either a reflex elicited by the pairing of certain antecedent stimuli in the environment, or a consequence of that individual's history, including especially reinforcement and punishment contingencies, together with the individual's current motivational state and controlling stimuli. Although behaviorists generally accept the important role of heredity in determining behavior, deriving from Skinner's two levels of selection (phylogeny and ontogeny), they focus primarily o
Behaviorism is a scientific approach that explains how humans and animals act by looking at environmental factors—such as stimuli, rewards, punishments, and an individual's past experiences—rather than focusing on internal mental processes. It matters because it offers a systematic framework for understanding and predicting behavior based on observable conditions and learning history, while still acknowledging that inherited traits play a role in shaping how organisms respond to their world.
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Research
903 papers- Teleological behaviorism.ReviewThe American psychologist · 1992Rachlin HDOI: 10.1037//0003-066x.47.11.1371
- Learning Theories: Behaviorism.Radiologic technology · 2018Clark KR
- Crossing the Rubicon: Behaviorism, Language, and Evolutionary Continuity.ReviewFrontiers in psychology · 2020Corballis MCDOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00653
- On cognitivism and behaviorism.ReviewThe American psychologist · 2000Leigland SDOI: 10.1037//0003-066x.55.2.273
- Multiscale behavior analysis and molar behaviorism: An overview.ReviewJournal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2018Baum WMDOI: 10.1002/jeab.476
- Behaviorism at fifty.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 1963SKINNER BFDOI: 10.1126/science.140.3570.951
- Transcending behaviorism in communication education.ReviewThe Journal of nursing education · 1999Hartrick GDOI: 10.3928/0148-4834-19990101-07
- [A retrospective on behaviorism].ReviewZeitschrift fur klinische Psychologie, Psychopathologie und Psychotherapie · 1987Köpcke-Duttler A
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Article · 日本語
行動主義(こうどうしゅぎ、(英: behaviorism)は、心理学のアプローチの1つで、内的・心的状態に依拠せずとも科学的に行動を研究できるという主張である。行動主義は、唯物論・機械論の一形態であると考えられ、あたかもブラックボックスのような外からは観察ができない心が単独で存在することを認めていない。多くの行動主義者に共通する1つの仮説は、「自由意志は錯覚であり、行動は遺伝と環境の両因子の組み合わせによって決定されていく」というものである。 20世紀、精神分析学のムーブメントと同時期に、行動主義学派は心理学に浸透した。 行動主義に影響を与えた主な人物には、 * 条件反射を研究したイワン・パブロフ * を研究したエドワード・ソーンダイク * 内観法を破棄し、心理学の実験法を問い直したジョン・ワトソン * 行動主義にプラグマティズム的な倫理的基点をもたらし、オペラント条件づけの研究を先導したバラス・スキナー などがいる。
Abstract from DBpedia / Wikipedia · CC BY-SA
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