硼

Also known as B, element 5, boracium, ₅B

原子序為5的化學元素

OverviewAI-generated

Boron is a chemical element with the symbol B and atomic number 5. Its electron configuration is [He] 2s² 2p¹. The element has a mass of 10.81 and an electronegativity of 2. It typically exhibits an oxidation state of 3.

The substance has a density of 2080, a melting point of 2180, and a boiling point of 4000. Its ultimate tensile strength is 5700. Boron was discovered on 1808-06-30 and again in 1892. The canonical SMILES representation is [B], and the Unicode character is 硼.

In chemical databases, boron is identified by CID 5462311 and InChIKey ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N. It has a topological polar surface area of 0, with no hydrogen bond donors or acceptors. The element is referenced by 1,778 other encyclopedia articles.

Synthesized by Vinony from 28 facts across 4 sources: Wikidata, PubChem, PubMed, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

Chemical data

Formula: B
Molecular weight: 10.81 g/mol
IUPAC name: boron
SMILES: [B]
InChIKey: ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Polar surface area: 0 Å²
H-bond donors: 0
H-bond acceptors: 0
Formal charge: 0

via PubChem

Research

52,856 papers

Next generation of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) agents for cancer treatment.ReviewMedicinal research reviews · 2023Coghi P, Li J, Hosmane NS et al.DOI: 10.1002/med.21964
Boron in cancer therapeutics: An overview.ReviewPharmacology & therapeutics · 2023Kulkarni S, Bhandary D, Singh Y et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108548
Boron-containing carbonic anhydrases inhibitors.ReviewBioorganic chemistry · 2024Giovannuzzi S, Nikitjuka A, Pereira Resende BR et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106976
Boron Chemistry for Medical Applications.ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Ali F, S Hosmane N, Zhu YDOI: 10.3390/molecules25040828
Boron enabled bioconjugation chemistries.ReviewChemical Society reviews · 2024Zheng M, Kong L, Gao JDOI: 10.1039/d4cs00750f
Boron.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Nielsen FH, Eckhert CDDOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz110
Stimuli-Responsive Boron-Based Materials in Drug Delivery.ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Das BC, Chokkalingam P, Masilamani P et al.DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032757
Boron enhances adaptive responses and biological performance via hormetic mechanisms.ReviewChemico-biological interactions · 2023Calabrese E, Pressman P, Agathokleous E et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110432

via PubMed

Wikidata facts

Instance of: lithophile
Subclass of: metalloid
Named after: borax
Material used: jadarite
Mass: 10.81
Image: Boron.jpg

Show 20 more facts

oxidation state: 1
atomic number: 5
element symbol: B
Commons category: Boron
topic's main category: Category:Boron
density: 2.460
Commons gallery: Boron
described by source: Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition
discoverer or inventor: Henri Moissan
electron configuration: [He] 2s² 2p¹
canonical SMILES: [B]
chemical formula: B
time of discovery or invention: 1892-00-00
electronegativity: 2
ultimate tensile strength: 5700
Unicode character: 硼
different from: borophene
melting point: 2077
boiling point: 3650
on focus list of Wikimedia project: Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4

Sources (6)

via Wikidata · CC0

Article · 中文

硼（拼音：pénɡ，注音：ㄆㄥˊ；英語：Boron），是一種化學元素，化學符號为B，原子序數为5，原子量為10.811 u。由於硼的產生完全來自於宇宙射線散裂以及超新星而非恆星核合成，所以硼在太陽系與地殼中含量很低。地球上最常見硼的天然化合物，是以水溶性的硼酸鹽形式聚集在一起。工業上可直接開採硼鹽酸的蒸發岩，例如硼砂和斜方硼砂。已知土耳其有最大的硼蘊含量，是最大的生產地。在天然存在的硼元素是一種類金屬，在隕石中可以找到少許，然而在地球上尚未發現天然存在的硼元素。工業上因為碳或其他元素的污染所以難以製造出高純度的硼，硼有數種同素異形體，而無定形硼是棕色粉末狀，結晶硼的顏色是介於銀色至黑色。硼的莫氏硬度是9.5（非常硬），在常溫下是不良導體。主要應用為製作成硼絲，用途類似一些以碳纖維支撐的高強度材料。硼主要為化合物，在全球消耗中有一半的硼用於玻璃纖維的添加劑，功能是絕緣和結構材料。其次要的用途是聚合物以及瓷器品，採用高強度、輕質結構和耐火材料。硼矽酸鹽玻璃因有比普通鈣玻璃更高的強度和抗熱衝擊性所以市場才會有所需求。當硼為過硼酸鈉時可作為漂白劑。硼少量用於半導體的；用於有機合成則為中間劑。一些含有硼的藥物正在被使用或研究當中。天然硼由兩種穩定同位素所組成，其中一種（硼-10）具有許多用途，例如中子捕捉劑。在生物學上，硼酸盐的毒性對哺乳類動物低（相當於食用鹽的影響程度）；但是對於節肢動物較高, 可以做為殺蟲劑。硼酸具有溫和的抗菌性，已知有數種含硼的有機抗生素。硼是植物必須的元素，在農業上像硼砂和硼酸可做為肥料，只需微量, 過量則具有毒性。硼化合物扮演強化植物細胞壁的角色。雖然有些證據證明對骨質有幫助，但是否對哺乳類（包含人類）為必要元素還未知。

Abstract from DBpedia / Wikipedia · CC BY-SA