Also known as Red China, PR China, Communist China, China PR, RPC, cn, The PRC, China
东亚国家
China is a country in East Asia and the world's second-most populous nation with over 1.4 billion people, representing 17% of the global population, spanning the third-largest land area and bordering fourteen countries. It matters as a major world power with significant economic, political, and demographic influence, and its capital is Beijing while Shanghai serves as its largest financial center.
AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.
via Open-Meteo
China was one of the great civilizations of the ancient world, and for many centuries stood out as a leading nation with technologies that the West was not able to match until the early modern period. Paper, gunpowder and the compass are examples of Chinese inventions that are still widely used today. As the dominant power in the region for much of its history, China exported much of its culture to neighboring Vietnam, Korea and Japan, and Chinese influences can still be seen in the cultures of these countries.
Chinese civilization has endured millennia of tumultuous upheaval and revolutions, golden ages and periods of anarchy. Through the economic boom initiated by the reforms since the 1980s, China has returned to its place as a major political and economic world power, buoyed by its large and industrious population. The depth and complexity of the Chinese civilization, with its rich heritage, has fascinated Westerners such as Marco Polo and Gottfried Leibniz in centuries past, and will continue to excite — and bewilder — the traveller today.
In Chinese, China is zhōng guó, literally "central state" but often translated more poetically as "Middle Kingdom". People from everywhere else are called wàiguórén (外国人, "outside country people"), or colloquially lǎowài, "old outsider" with "old" in the sense of venerable or respected (in practice, these terms mostly refer to white people or Westerners, and almost never to any foreigner of Chinese descent).
Google Maps does not work in China, and tends to have patchy coverage and data quality even if accessed via VPN. Moreover, China uses its own coordinate system for security reasons, which sometimes causes problems when using foreign map apps. The most common direction-finding app used by the Chinese themselves is Baidu Maps, though it is only available in Chinese. Amap (高德地图 gaode ditu) is a very convenient app available for both, Android and Apple devices. It is useful for navigating on foot or by car and also lists available public transportation options (bus and subway), including the price. Also available in English. It covers all of China and is useful even in seemingly rural places, though sometimes certain routes are only found on Baidu maps, so it's worth having both. Apple Maps uses Amap’s data and is reliable, though it lacks certain features that the others offer. Alternative methods include other map apps based on OpenStreetMap data or renting a local GPS. More information at GPS navigation.
Names of long streets are often given a middle word indicating the part of the street: north (北 běi), south (南 nán), east (东 dōng), west (西 xī), or central (中 zhōng). For example, White Horse Street or Báimǎ Lù (白马路) may be split up into Báimǎ Běilù (白马北路 "White Horse North Street"), Báimǎ Nánlù (白马南路 "White Horse South Street"), and Báimǎ Zhōnglù (白马中路 "White Horse Central Street"). In some cities, however, these names do not indicate parts of one street. In Xiamen, Hubin Be…
中华人民共和国,简称中国,是一个位於东亚的社会主义国家,成立于1949年10月1日,首都为北京市。中华人民共和国领土陸地面積約960萬平方公里,是世界上陸地面積第三大的國家,一共划分為23個省份、5個自治區、4個直轄市和2個特別行政區。中华人民共和国地势西高东低而呈現三级阶梯分布,大部分地区属于溫帶、副熱帶季风气候,地理景致與氣候型態丰富多樣,有冰川、丹霞、黃土、沙漠、喀斯特等多种地貌,中华人民共和国北方分布有乾草原和荒漠,南方有热带雨林,西部至西南部則有天山山脈、帕米尔高原、青藏高原、喀喇崑崙山脈和喜馬拉雅山脈,东临太平洋。领海由渤海(内海)以及黄海、东海、南海三大边海组成,水域面积约470万平方千米,分布有大小岛屿7,600个。中华人民共和国领土東至黑龙江省抚远市的黑瞎子岛中部,西至新疆境内的帕米尔高原,北至黑龙江省大兴安岭地区的漠河县,南至南海曾母暗沙。 中华人民共和国是目前世界上人口最多的国家,2020年約有14.2億人,同時也是一个多民族国家,官方承認的民族共有56個,其中汉族佔91.51%总人口。现代标准汉语普通话和规范汉字为国家通用语言和文字,在民族自治地方其他民族可以使用民族語言和文字。自1986年起实行九年义务教育制度,就读公立学校的学生由政府提供其学费。2020年人口普查显示,全国人口文盲率为2.67%。接受高等教育人口达2.4亿。 中华人民共和国目前为世界第二大经济体,2021年國內生產總值(GDP)总量为17.7万亿美元,按照國際匯率计算位居世界第二,仅次于美国,按購買力平價则位列世界第一。1978年改革開放後,中华人民共和国成为經濟成長最快的主要經濟體之一,GDP实际增长率在经济总量前20名的国家中常年位居第一。当前,中華人民共和國对外贸易额世界第一,是世界上最大的商品出口國及第二大的進口國。依据國際匯率計算,中国大陆人均GDP从1990年的347美元增长至2021年近12,600美元(IMF数据),增长近35倍,东部地区部分城市人均GDP已超2万美元,为世界上经济最发达的发展中国家。贫困问题也随着经济增长已得到改善,832个国家级贫困县在2020年底全部完成脱贫摘帽。然而根據国家统计局数据,目前中华人民共和国约有六亿人口月均收入在1000元人民币左右,区域间发展不均衡以及國民贫富差距较大这两大问题仍需解决。 科技方面,中华人民共和国在航天航空、装备制造业、高速铁路、新能源、核技术、超级计算机、量子通讯、人工智能、5G通訊、生物技术等應用科學領域有较强实力,但在半導體、醫學、化學等基礎科學領域和發達國家有一定差距。中华人民共和国研發經費則位居世界第二,也是世界第二个超万亿美元投入研发的国家。军事方面,中华人民共和国的國防預算位列世界第二,每年军费投入超过1700亿美元;中华人民共和国武装力量擁有世界第一大规模作战力量的常備部隊,并具备三位一體的核打擊能力,在亚太地区拥有局部优势的作战能力;此外,中华人民共和国已经建成一支蓝水海军的作战力量,拥有两个航空母舰战斗群与自研的先進驱逐舰及战略核潜艇;空军方面,中华人民共和国是世界上第二个入役第五代战斗机的国家,并在相关航空技术领域有着快速发展。中华人民共和国也是重要的世界航天大国,年发射次数位居世界前列,是继太空竞赛时期的前苏联和美国之后首个能够完成载人航天、月球软着陆与采样返回、火星软着陆等先进复杂任务的国家。 1949年,时任中国共产党中央委员会主席毛泽东领导下的中国共产党和中国人民解放军在内战中取得优势,实际控制中國大陸,同年10月1日宣布建立中华人民共和国以及中央人民政府,与遷至台灣地區的中華民國政府形成至今的臺海現狀格局。中华人民共和国成立初期遵循和平共处五项原则的外交政策,1971年在聯合國取得了原属于中華民國的中國代表權及其联合国安理会常任理事国席位,并陆续加入部分联合国其他专门机构。而后广泛参与例如国际奥委会、亚太经合组织、二十国集团、世界贸易组织等重要國際組織,并成为上海合作组织、金砖国家、一带一路、亚洲基础设施投资银行、区域全面经济伙伴关系协定等国际合作组织项目的发起国和创始国。据皮尤研究中心的调查,随着国际影响力的增强,中华人民共和国已被许多国家、组织视为世界经济的重要支柱與潜在超级大國之一。
Abstract from DBpedia / Wikipedia · CC BY-SA
60 mapped locations
Discovered by embedding cosine similarity (sentence-transformers MiniLM, 384-dim).
via REST Countries
via World Bank Open Data · CC BY 4.0
via Wikimedia Pageviews API
via Wikipedia infobox
via PubMed
via Wikidata · CC0
China's attractions are endless and you will never run out of things to see. Especially near the coastal areas, when finished with one city, the next one is usually just a short train ride away.
Whether you are a history buff, a nature lover or someone who just wants to relax on a nice beach, China has it all from the majestic Forbidden City in Beijing, to the breathtaking scenery of Jiuzhaigou. Even if you live in China for many years, you'll find that there's always something new to discover in another part of the country. Perhaps unsurprisingly due to its sheer size and long history, China has the third largest number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, after Italy and Spain.
China is on the border between two bioregions. Eurasian wildlife can be seen in the north and west, and South Asian wildlife can be found in the south and southeast.
Make sure you carry your ID around with you in China, as you will need it to purchase tickets and enter tourist attractions. This is typically your Home Return Permit for Hong Kong and Macau residents, Taiwan Compatriot Pass for Taiwanese citizens, or passport for most foreigners. Tickets for some popular attractions like the Forbidden City in Beijing or the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Nanjing must be reserved online in advance. Tickets are tied to your ID in order to prevent scalping, so make sure the ID you present at the entrance matches the one you purchased your ticket with.
thumb|Karst formations, Guilin
thumb|A fish dish in a [[Yangzhou restaurant]] Food in China varies widely between regions, so the term "Chinese food" is a blanket term, about as descriptive as "Western food." Still, there are some broad characteristics. Gastronomy has a long history in China, and dishes subtly balance many flavors, aromas, and colors. Each region developed cuisine and techniques based on the ingredients at hand, so you'll find spicy meat-filled dishes in cooler inland regions, slowly simmered seafood stews in coastal regions, quickly stir-fried fresh vegetables in busy southern ports like Guangzhou, and simple and hearty meat dishes in the Northeast with its notoriously harsh winters. Even many native Chinese find food from outside their home region to be "foreign".
In southern China, rice (米饭 mǐfàn) is a staple food served with many meals, so much so that its root word 饭 (fàn) means "meal" as well as "cooked grain". It may be served plain (eaten by itself as a side, or used as a bed to soak up sauce from the main dish), stir-fried with a variety of ingredients to make fried rice, a quick tasty street meal and a common way to use up leftovers at home, or made into congee (粥 zhōu), rice porridge that's a common breakfast. Noodles (面 miàn) are another important staple, made from either rice or wheat, and served in a variety of methods. Soybeans are used to make soy sauce, a quintessential seasoning in Chinese cooking. They're also used to make tofu (豆腐 dòufu), which comes in many forms besi…
The Chinese love a tipple, but unless you are used to imbibing heavily, be careful when drinking with Chinese. Generally speaking, heavy drinking is more prevalent in northern China than in southern China.
There are hardly any liquor laws in China. The legal drinking age is 18, but it's basically not enforced, and you'll never need to show ID. Alcohol can be purchased anywhere and drunk anywhere.
thumb|Rural inn in Shennongjia, [[Hubei]]
Availability of accommodation for tourists is generally good and ranges from shared dorm rooms to 5-star luxury hotels. Sleeper trains can also be a decent option if you schedule your long-distance travel overnight (see the Get around section above).
Since 2024, any licensed hotel outside restricted areas by law must accept foreigners. In practice, many hotels, especially cheaper ones or those in remote areas, never got the memo, don't know how to use the mandatory registration system, or simply don't want to bother. Using an English-language booking service like Trip.com can help avoid this hassle, as hotels that choose to list there are almost always foreigner-friendly. Anecdotal accounts have reported success (or at least a free ride to another hotel) requesting the intervention of the Public Security Bureau when hotels refuse to comply with the law. You may also fill in the Online Accommodation Registration Service at the Government Service Platform of National Immigration Administration available in seven provincial-level regions (Hebei, Liaoning, Zhejiang, Hubei, Guangxi, Chongqing, Sichuan) instead, but this requires creating an account on the platform.
Hotel reception staff will make a photocopy of your passport, entry stamp and visa (if applicable) as part of the registration process. On rare occasions, someone from your hotel will escort you to the local police station to satisfy the establishment's reporting requirement…
While China is generally safe for visitors, the government has some authoritarian aspects, and the topic of human rights in China is highly contested. Despite what's written in the Chinese constitution, in practice some freedoms are strongly curtailed, such as free speech, privacy, freedom of information and the press, freedom of religion, and the right to a fair trial. As long as you're not deliberately provocative, most of these are unlikely to affect you during your visit — especially since enforcement is somewhat arbitrary anyway — but if they do, punishments can be heavy. China is known to use extrajudicial detention, torture, and the death penalty. Often criticized as "hostage diplomacy", detentions and enforcement are sometimes stepped up in reaction to geopolitical events. Chinese dual citizens and people of Chinese heritage who are citizens of other countries have been subject to "exit bans", kept in China, sometimes for years, to compel them to cooperate with government investigations or pressure their relatives to return to China.
As long as you behave and do not get involved in drugs or political activity, you shouldn't have any problems. Even bypassing the Internet firewall or accessing potentially subversive material is usually overlooked for the average visitor. However, it doesn't hurt to have a contingency plan in case you run afoul of the government.
thumb|Tea-serving at a restaurant in China
Foreigners are still a rare breed in most parts of China, which means that how you interact with people there may well shape their impression of your country or even of foreigners in general. Follow the law, be polite, and try to leave a good impression as it affects the general reputation of foreigners in China.
Unlike Japan and South Korea where bowing is extremely common, in China the practice did not survive into the modern era, and is now only used in certain formal occasions such as marriage ceremonies, funerals, religious rituals, and by students greeting teachers in school. Give a soft handshake when greeting someone, which can be accompanied by a slight bow. Buddhist monks and nuns should be greeted by placing your palms together at chest level with your thumb and fingers pointing upwards (similar to the Thai wai), and bowing your head slightly while saying Ēmìtuófó (阿弥陀佛). Personal space more or less does not exist in China. Elevators and buses can get very crowded. It's common and acceptable for someone to come in close contact with you or to bump into you and say nothing. Don't get mad, as they'll be surprised and most likely won't even understand why you're offended. Important items such as business cards or important papers are given and received with both hands. Business cards in particular are treated very respectfully and formally. How you treat someone's business card is seen as representing how you will treat the…
Travel guide from Wikivoyage (CC BY-SA 4.0)
via Wikidata sitelinks · CC0