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Key facts

Medical condition (new).name

Constipation

Medical condition (new).image

Constipation.JPG

Medical condition (new).caption

Constipation in a young child seen on X-ray. Circles represent areas of fecal matter (stool is white surrounded by black bowel gas).

Medical condition (new).field

Gastroenterology

Medical condition (new).synonyms

Costiveness

Medical condition (new).symptoms

Infrequent or hard to pass bowel movements, abdominal pain, bloating

Medical condition (new).complications

Hemorrhoids, anal fissure, fecal impaction

Medical condition (new).causes

Slow movement of stool within the colon, irritable bowel syndrome, celiac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, pelvic floor disorders

Medical condition (new).risks

Hypothyroidism, diabetes, Parkinson's disease, gluten-related disorders, colon cancer, ovarian cancer, diverticulitis, inflammatory bowel disease, certain medications

Medical condition (new).treatment

Drinking enough fluids, eating more fiber, exercise

Medical condition (new).medication

Laxatives of the bulk forming agent, osmotic agent, stool softener, or lubricant type

Medical condition (new).frequency

2–30%

via Wikipedia infobox

• Evaluation of constipation.ReviewAmerican family physician · 2002Arce DA, Ermocilla CA, Costa H
• Constipation of anorectal outlet obstruction: pathophysiology, evaluation and management.ReviewJournal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2006Andromanakos N, Skandalakis P, Troupis T et al.DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2006.04333.x
• New Options in Constipation Management.ReviewCurrent oncology reports · 2015Davis M, Gamier PDOI: 10.1007/s11912-015-0481-x
• [Constipation in Patients with Incurable Cancer - Recommendations of the German S3 Guideline 'Palliative Medicine'].ReviewDeutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) · 2016Wirz S, Simon S, Frieling T et al.DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-101899
• Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides and Constipation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials on Stool Frequency, Stool Consistency, and Fermentation Biomarkers.Nutrients · 2025Chen H, Ren J, Wang L et al.DOI: 10.3390/nu17203246
• Constipation and fecal impaction in the long-term care patient.ReviewClinics in geriatric medicine · 1988Alessi CA, Henderson CT
• [Constipation].Soins; la revue de reference infirmiere · 1966Arnal J
• The causes and nursing management of constipation.ReviewBritish journal of nursing (Mark Allen Publishing) · 1996Norton CDOI: 10.12968/bjon.1996.5.20.1252

via PubMed