Cyanidiophyceae is a class of unicellular red algae within subdivision Cyanidiophytina, and contain a single plastid, one to three mitochondria, a nucleus, a vacuole, and floridean starch. Pyrenoids are absent. Most are extremophiles inhabiting acid hot springs with a pH between 0,2 and 4 and temperatures up to 56 °C. They originated in extreme environments with high temperatures and low pH, which allowed them to occupy ecological niches without any competition.
CLASS
溫泉紅藻(Cyanidiophyceae，簡稱Cyanidia)是一群生活在高溫高酸環境中的單細胞紅藻，主要分佈於世界各地火山活動仍然活躍，並具有硫酸成分高之溫泉水體之地區，如美國黃石國家公園、義大利火山區、紐西蘭火山區、印尼火山區及日本火山區。根據目前的分類系統，溫泉紅藻目前主要有三屬六種(Cyanidioschyzon merolae、Cyanidium caldarium、Galdieria sulphuraria、Galdieria maxima、Galdieria partita和Galdieria daedala)。其中，Cyanidioschyzon merolae之細胞核基因組已被解密，也是目前唯一一種真核生物之基因組達到100%的解密。另外，其粒線體及葉綠體之基因組也完成解密。因此，對於溫泉紅藻的研究中，Cyanidioschyzon merolae可說是最佳的模式物種。部分藻種能棲息在硫磺口噴氣處潮濕之土壤表層，另有些藻種能夠存活於具有地熱酸性潮濕之岩石表面下，靠著穿透石縫微弱之光線進行光合作用。 In older texts it has been known as "Cyanidales". It was granted phylum status in the Saunders and Hommersand 2004 classification (as "Cyanidophyta"), but demoted to subphylum in the Yoon et al. classification of 2006.
via GBIF
via Wikidata · CC0
Cyanidiophyceae is a class of unicellular red algae within subdivision Cyanidiophytina, and contain a single plastid, one to three mitochondria, a nucleus, a vacuole, and floridean starch. Pyrenoids are absent. Most are extremophiles inhabiting acid hot springs with a pH between 0,2 and 4 and temperatures up to 56 °C. They originated in extreme environments with high temperatures and low pH, which allowed them to occupy ecological niches without any competition.
While still found in extreme environments, they have also adapted to live along streams, in fissures in rock walls and in soil, but usually prefer relatively high temperatures. They have never been found in basic freshwater or seawater habitats. The main photosynthetic pigment is C-phycocyanin. Except for Galdieria partita, which can reproduce sexually, reproduction is asexual by binary fission or formation of endospores. The group, consisting of a single order (Cyanidiales), split off from the other red algae more than a billion years ago. Three families, four genera, and nine species are known, but the total number of species is probably higher. They are primarily photoautotrophic, but heterotrophic and mixotrophic growth also occurs. After the first massive gene loss in the common ancestor of all red algae, where of the genes were lost, a second gene loss occurred in the ancestor of Cyanidiophyceae, where an additional 18% of the genes were lost. Since then, some gene gains and minor gene losses have taken place independently in the Cyanidiaceae and Galdieriaceae, leading to genetic diversification between the two groups, with Galdieriaceae occupying more diverse and varied niches in extreme environments than Cyanidiaceae.
Discovered by embedding cosine similarity (sentence-transformers MiniLM, 384-dim).