plant
Also known as green plants, plants, green plant, plantæ, planta, kingdom Plantae, Plantae, Supergroup Plantae
Plants are the eukaryotic organisms that constitute the kingdom Plantae. They are predominantly photosynthetic, meaning that they obtain their energy from sunlight. They do that using the green pigment chlorophyll in their chloroplasts to produce sugars from carbon dioxide and water. Exceptions are parasitic plants that have lost the genes for chlorophyll and photosynthesis, and obtain their energy from other plants or fungi. Most plants are multicellular, except for some green algae.
AI overview
Plants are living organisms that mostly capture energy from sunlight using a green pigment called chlorophyll to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars, though some parasitic plants get their energy from other plants or fungi instead. They matter because they form a fundamental part of life on Earth, providing the energy and oxygen that sustain most other organisms.
AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.
Species
plants
Kingdom
Habitatmarine, brackish, freshwater
Observations310,000
關於「植物」的其它含义，請見“植物 (消歧义)”。 植物（英文：Plant）[3]是植物界（学名：Plantae）各式生物的统称，对于其范围，在历史上多有变动。在前林奈时代到林奈时代，除了现今所熟知的植物类群外，原核生物、真菌、藻类因不能主动运动或能进行光合作用等与植物类似的特性，也被划分进植物界内[4]。而根据恩斯特·海克尔、罗伯特·魏泰克（英语：Robert Whittaker）、琳·馬古利斯、湯瑪斯·卡弗利爾-史密斯等生物学家的进一步研究，原核生物、真菌和部分藻类先后被排除出植物界[5][6][2]。在近年来的系统发育和分类学研究中，普遍采用湯瑪斯·卡弗利爾-史密斯定义的植物界（Plantae Caval.-Sm. 1981）[2]，将原始色素体生物视为与植物等同的概念[7][8]。但仍有新的研究在挑战这一观点[9][10][11][12]。 據估計，植物界現存大約有450000個物種[13]，根据邱园的统计，直至2017年，在维管植物中，381910个物种已被描述和命名，其中369000种被子植物，1110种裸子植物，1300种石松类植物，10500种链束植物（狭义蕨类植物）[14]。与此同时，也不断有新的物种被发现，例如在2016年，有1730种有胚植物被发现和命名[14]。 有丝分裂和减数分裂是植物细胞主要的增殖方式，但無絲分裂在植物生长和发育中也有重要作用[15]:63。有性生殖和世代交替是植物的重要特征，但无性繁殖也是重要的繁殖方式[15]:169。 植物的共同祖先通过与蓝藻内共生获得了质体[6]，并具备了光合作用的能力。绝大多数植物从祖先那里继承了这一结构及能力[6]，但也有少数植物丧失了叶绿体这一结构和光合作用的能力，转为营寄生生活或腐生生活[15]:458。 植物的光合作用是植物主要的物质和能量来源，也是生物圈物质循环和能量流动的重要环节，是地球大部分生态系统的基础[16][15]:122。许多植物在人类的生产生活中作为食物、药物、建筑材料、纺织原料等，发挥着重要作用[14]。以植物为研究对象的科学称为植物学，是生物学的重要分支[15]:2。 目录 1 定義 1.1 极广义植物界 1.2 排除原核生物的广义植物界 1.3 排除真菌的较广义植物界 1.4 内共生理论与原始色素体生物 1.5 新的争议 2 多樣性 3 演化 3.1 演化史 3.2 化石记录 4 系统发生 4.1 外类群 4.2 内类群 5 分类 5.1 植物分类学史 5.2 藻類 5.3 有胚植物 6 形态结构 6.1 细胞 6.2 组织 6.3 器官 7 生长与生理 7.1 成長 7.1.1 運輸 7.1.2 影響成長的因素 8 繁殖与生活史 9 生態 9.1 生態關係 10 保护 11 与人类的关系 11.1 食物 11.2 非食用性產品 11.3 美觀用途 11.4
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Research
1,458,196 papers- Understanding plant responsiveness to microbiome feedbacks.ReviewCurrent opinion in plant biology · 2024Janse van Rensburg H, Stengele K, Schlaeppi K
Article
34 sectionsContents
- Definition
- Taxonomic history
- Alternative concepts
- Evolution
- Diversity
- Evolutionary history
- Phylogeny
- Physiology
- Plant cells
- Plant structure
- Photosynthesis
- Growth and repair
- Reproduction
- Sexual
- Asexual
- Disease resistance
- Genomics
- Ecology
- Distribution
- Primary producers
- Ecological relationships
- Competition
- Importance to humans
- Food
- Medicines
- Nonfood products
- Ornamental plants
- In science
- In mythology, religion, and culture
- Negative effects
- See also
- References
- Further reading
- External links
Plants are the eukaryotic organisms that constitute the kingdom Plantae. They are predominantly photosynthetic, meaning that they obtain their energy from sunlight. They do that using the green pigment chlorophyll in their chloroplasts to produce sugars from carbon dioxide and water. Exceptions are parasitic plants that have lost the genes for chlorophyll and photosynthesis, and obtain their energy from other plants or fungi. Most plants are multicellular, except for some green algae.
Historically, as in Aristotle's biology, the plant kingdom encompassed all living things that were not animals, and included algae and fungi. Definitions have narrowed since then; current definitions exclude fungi and some of the algae. By the definition used in this article, plants form the clade Viridiplantae (green plants), which consists of the green algae and the embryophytes or land plants (hornworts, liverworts, mosses, lycophytes, ferns, conifers and other gymnosperms, and flowering plants). A definition based on genomes includes the Viridiplantae, along with the red algae and the glaucophytes, in the clade Archaeplastida.