doge
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A doge was the chief of state in Italian city-states, similar to a mayor or governor in modern times. The title is historically significant because it represents an important form of political leadership in medieval and Renaissance Italy, particularly in Venice and Genoa.
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Leonardo Loredan (1501), Doge of Venice, portrait by Giovanni Bellini, wearing the corno ducale, the ducal hat which symbolised his office.
A doge (/doʊdʒ/ DOHJ, Italian: [ˈdɔːdʒe]; plural dogi or doges; see below) was an elected lord and head of state in several Italian city-states, notably Venice and Genoa, during the medieval and Renaissance periods. Such states were referred to as crowned republics. Doges wore a special hat, the corno ducale, and usually ruled for life.