EntityQ412318· pop 38· linked from 142 articles

ethambutol

Ethambutol (EMB, E) is a medication primarily used to treat tuberculosis. It is usually given in combination with other tuberculosis medications, such as isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide. It may also be used to treat Mycobacterium avium complex, and Mycobacterium kansasii. It is taken by mouth.

Key facts

Drug.IUPAC_name: (2S)-2-[2-[[(2S)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl]amino]ethylamino]butan-1-ol | image = Ethambutol.svg | image_class = skin-invert-image | width = | alt = | image2 = Ethambutol substance photo.jpg | width2 = | alt2 = | caption = Chemical structure of ethambutol (top) and photo of ethambutol crystals (bottom) | pronounce = | tradename = Myambutol, Etibi, Servambutol, others | Drugs.com = | MedlinePlus = | DailyMedID = Ethambutol | pregnancy_AU = | pregnancy_AU_comment = | pregnancy_category = | routes_of_administration = By mouth | ATC_prefix = J04 | ATC_suffix = AK02 | ATC_supplemental = | legal_AU = S4 | legal_AU_comment = | legal_CA = | legal_CA_comment = | legal_DE = | legal_DE_comment = | legal_NZ = | legal_NZ_comment = | legal_UK = | legal_UK_comment = | legal_US = | legal_US_comment = | legal_UN = | legal_UN_comment = | legal_status = Rx-only | bioavailability = | protein_bound = 20–30% | metabolism = liver | metabolites = | onset = | elimination_half-life = 3–4 hours | duration_of_action = | excretion = | CAS_number = 74-55-5 | CAS_supplemental = | PubChem = 14052 | PubChemSubstance = | IUPHAR_ligand = | DrugBank = DB00330 | ChemSpiderID = 13433 | UNII = 8G167061QZ | KEGG = D07925 | ChEBI = 4877 | ChEMBL = 44884 | NIAID_ChemDB = | synonyms = (2S,2’S)-2,2’-(Ethane-1,2-diyldiimino)dibutan-1-ol | C = 10 | H = 24 | N = 2 | O = 2 | molecular_weight = | SMILES = CC[C@@H](CO)NCCN[C@@H](CC)CO | Jmol = | StdInChI = 1S/C10H24N2O2/c1-3-9(7-13)11-5-6-12-10(4-2)8-14/h9-14H,3-8H2,1-2H3/t9-,10-/m0/s1 | StdInChI_Ref = | StdInChIKey = AEUTYOVWOVBAKS-UWVGGRQHSA-N | density = | density_notes = | melting_point = | melting_high = | melting_notes = | boiling_point = | boiling_notes = | solubility = | specific_rotation =

via Wikipedia infobox

Research

8,407 papers

Ethambutol optic neuropathy.Current opinion in ophthalmology · 2017
Ethambutol.Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2008
Ethambutol neuroretinopathy.Seminars in ophthalmology · 2007
Ocular ethambutol toxicity.Mayo Clinic proceedings · 2003
Ethambutol and viomycin.The Medical clinics of North America · 1970

via PubMed

Article

6 sections

Contents

Chirality and biological activity
Medical uses
Adverse effects
Mechanism of action
Pharmacokinetics
References

Common side effects include problems with vision, joint pain, nausea, headaches, and feeling tired. Other side effects include liver problems and allergic reactions. It is not recommended in people with optic neuritis, significant kidney problems, or under the age of five. Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding has not been found to cause harm. In the United States the FDA has raised concerns about eye issues in the baby if used during pregnancy. Ethambutol is believed to work by interfering with the bacteria's metabolism.