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Geophysics () is a physical science concerned with the processes and properties of Earth and its surrounding space environment, studied using quantitative and observational methods. It focuses primarily on Earth’s shape and its gravitational, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields. It also studies internal structure, composition, and dynamics, and their surface expression in tectonics, volcanism, and rock formation. Geophysics also encompasses a broader Earth-system and planetary perspective, including the oceans, atmosphere, cryosphere, ionosphere, magnetosphere, as well as solar–terrestrial in
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Geophysics is the scientific study of Earth's physical properties and processes—including its structure, composition, gravitational and magnetic fields, and phenomena like earthquakes and volcanism—using quantitative observation and measurement. It matters because understanding these fundamental characteristics of our planet helps us comprehend natural hazards, geological changes, and how Earth's various systems (oceans, atmosphere, magnetic field) interact with each other and with space.
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