gram-negative bacteria
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Gram-negative bacteria are a group of bacteria that don't retain the Gram stain, a dye used to tell different types of bacteria apart under a microscope. This distinction matters because gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria have different structural properties that affect how they respond to antibiotics and other treatments.
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Microscopic image of gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria (pink-red rods)
Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that, unlike gram-positive bacteria, do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. Their defining characteristic is that their cell envelope consists of a thin peptidoglycan cell wall sandwiched between an inner (cytoplasmic) membrane and an outer membrane. These bacteria are found in all environments that support life on Earth.