graphene
Sign in to saveGraphene () is a variety of the element carbon which occurs naturally in small amounts. In graphene, the carbon forms a sheet of interlocked atoms as hexagons one carbon atom thick. The result resembles the face of a honeycomb. When many hundreds of graphene layers build up, they are called graphite.
AI overview
Graphene is a form of carbon that exists as an incredibly thin sheet—just one atom thick—where the carbon atoms are arranged in a honeycomb-like pattern of interlocking hexagons. It occurs naturally in small amounts, and when many layers of it stack together, they form graphite.
AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.
Key facts
- Material.name
- Graphene
- Material.image
- File:Graphen.jpg
- Material.caption
- Graphene is an atomic-scale honeycomb structure made of carbon atoms
- Material.type
- Allotrope of carbon
- Material.chemical formula
- C
- Material.youngs_modulus
- ≈1 TPa
- Material.tensile_strength
- 130 GPa
- Material.thermal_conductivity
- 5300 W⋅m−1⋅K−1
via Wikipedia infobox
Article
105 sectionsContents
- History
- Structure of graphite and its intercalation compounds
- Observations of thin graphite layers and related structures
- Full isolation and characterization
- Exploring commercial applications
- Structure
- Bonding
- Geometry
- Stability
- Electronic properties
- Electronic spectrum
- Dispersion relation
- Single-atom wave propagation
- Ambipolar electron and hole transport
- Electrical conductivity and charge transport
- Chiral half-integer quantum Hall effect
- Quantum hall effect in graphene
- Chiral electrons and anomalies
- Experimental observations
- "Massive" electrons
- Inertial effect and kinetic inductance
- Interactions and phenomena
- Strong magnetic fields
- Casimir effect
- Van der Waals force
- Permittivity
- Optical properties
- Multi-parametric surface plasmon resonance
- Tunable band gap and optical response
- Graphene-based Bragg grating
- Saturable absorption
- Nonlinear Kerr effect
- Excitonic properties
- Spin transport
- Magnetic properties
- Strong magnetic fields
- Spintronic properties
- Magnetic substrates
- Mechanical properties
- Fracture toughness
- Polycrystalline graphene
- Other properties
- Thermal conductivity
- Chemical properties
- Biological properties
- Support substrate
- Graphene layers and structural variants
- Monolayer sheets
- Bilayer graphene
- Turbostratic
- Graphene superlattices
- Nanostructured graphene forms
- Graphene nanoribbons
- Graphene quantum dots
- Modified and functionalized graphene
- Graphene oxide
- Chemical modification
- Graphene ligand/complex
- Advanced graphene structures
- Graphene fiber
- 3D graphene
- Pillared graphene
- Reinforced graphene
- Molded graphene
- Specialized graphene configurations
- Graphene aerogel
- Graphene nanocoil
- Crumpled graphene
- Mechanical synthesis
- Bottom-up and top-down methods
- Micro-mechanical cleavage
- Exfoliation techniques
- Mechanical exfoliation
- Liquid phase exfoliation
- Exfoliation with supercritical carbon dioxide
- Splitting monolayer carbon allotropes
- Chemical synthesis
- Graphite oxide reduction
- Molten salts
- Electrochemical synthesis
- Hydrothermal self-assembly
- Sodium ethoxide pyrolysis
- Microwave-assisted oxidation
- Thermal decomposition of silicon carbide
- Vapor deposition and growth techniques
- Chemical vapor deposition
- Epitaxy
- Metal substrates
- Roll-to-roll
- Cold wall
- Wafer scale CVD graphene
- Solvent interface trapping method (SITM)
- Carbon dioxide reduction
- Supersonic spray
- Laser
- Flash Joule heating
- Ion implantation
- CMOS-compatible graphene
- Simulation
- Graphene analogs
- Applications
- Toxicity
- See also
- References
- External links
Graphene () is a variety of the element carbon which occurs naturally in small amounts. In graphene, the carbon forms a sheet of interlocked atoms as hexagons one carbon atom thick. The result resembles the face of a honeycomb. When many hundreds of graphene layers build up, they are called graphite.
Commonly known types of carbon are diamond and graphite. In 1947, the Canadian physicist P. R. Wallace suggested carbon could also exist in sheets. The German chemist Hanns-Peter Boehm and coworkers isolated single sheets from graphite, giving them the name graphene in 1986. In 2004, the material was characterized by Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov at the University of Manchester, England. They received the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics for their experiments.