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EntityQ904015· pop 24· linked from 449 articles

hyaluronidase

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Also known as Hydase, Hyalase, Wydase, Jalovis, Kinetin, Amphadase, HYAL-1, Hyaluronidase PH-20

Hyaluronidases are a family of enzymes that catalyse the degradation of hyaluronic acid. Karl Meyer classified these enzymes in 1971, into three distinct groups, a scheme based on the enzyme reaction products. The three main types of hyaluronidases are two classes of eukaryotic endoglycosidase hydrolases and a prokaryotic lyase-type of glycosidase.

Key facts

Enzyme.EC_number
3.2.1.35
Enzyme.CAS_number
37326-33-3
Enzyme.GO_code
0004415
Enzyme.image
Hyaluronidase 1 2PE4.png
Protein family.Symbol
Hyaluronidase_2
Protein family.caption
the partial structure of a group a streptococcal phage-encoded tail fibre hyaluronate lyase hylp2
Protein family.Pfam
PF07555
Protein family.InterPro
IPR011496
Drug.tradename
Hylenex, Hyqvia, Vitrase, others
Drug.DailyMedID
Hyaluronidase
Drug.pregnancy_AU_comment
Exempt
Drug.routes_of_administration
Subcutaneous
Drug.ATC_prefix
B06
Drug.ATC_suffix
AA03
Drug.legal_AU
S4
Drug.legal_UK
POM
Drug.legal_US
Rx-only
Drug.CAS_number
9001-54-1

via Wikipedia infobox

Research

13,878 papers

via PubMed

~10 min read

Encyclopedic overview

11 sections
Contents
  • <span class="anchor" id="Use as a drug"></span>Use as a drug
  • Medical uses
  • Purified and recombinant hyaluronidases
  • Combination treatments
  • Role in cancer
  • Role in pathogenesis
  • Role in immune response
  • Role in sepsis and septic shock
  • Role in fertilization
  • References
  • External links

Hyaluronidases are a family of enzymes that catalyse the degradation of hyaluronic acid. Karl Meyer classified these enzymes in 1971, into three distinct groups, a scheme based on the enzyme reaction products. The three main types of hyaluronidases are two classes of eukaryotic endoglycosidase hydrolases and a prokaryotic lyase-type of glycosidase.

In humans, there are five functional hyaluronidases: HYAL1, HYAL2, HYAL3, HYAL4 and HYAL5 (also known as SPAM1 or PH-20); plus a pseudogene, HYAL6 (also known as HYALP1). The genes for HYAL1-3 are clustered in chromosome 3, while HYAL4-6 are clustered in chromosome 7. HYAL1 and HYAL2 are the major hyaluronidases in most tissues. GPI-anchored HYAL2 is responsible for cleaving high-molecular weight hyaluronic acid, which is mostly bound to the CD44 receptor. The resulting hyaluronic acid fragments of variable size are then further hydrolyzed by HYAL1 after being internalized into endo-lysosomes; this generates hyaluronic acid oligosaccharides.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “hyaluronidase” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.